3051. Butter one's bread on both sides, to

(тж. to have one's bread buttered on both sides) дозволяти собі надмірні розкоші; ви­користовувати будь-яку нагоду для власної користі.

3052. butter to butter is no relish присл. ^ одноманітність набридає.

3053. butter wouldn't melt in one's mouth звич. Іран, і мухи не скривдить (часто вжив, у виразах one would look, think butter wouldn't melt in one's mouth);

Butter wouldn't melt in her mouth; but how would she talk to her young man (J. Galsworthy).

3054. but that (тж. but what) заст. І) як би не; 2) щоб не;

It is certain that not a day passes but that we use the simple word about many times over (W. •< Funk).

3) що;

I cannot imagine but that he was fond of you, since he took so much notice of you, talked to you, and taught you so much (Ch. Bronte).

3055. but then але з іншого боку; проте.

3056. button boots, the предмет, що ви- ^l йшов з моди (і який зараз важко знайти);

"І suppose," murmured Dinny, "this will be in the papers."

"On that, my nymph, you may bet the button boots you haven't got" (J. Galsworthy).

3057. button eyes круглі очі; очі, як ґуд­ зики;

Glancing round it [= the room], while her black button eyes searched his face, he said with anxious politeness: "This looks very comfortable, Mrs Page" (A. Cronin).

button

181

by a

3058. button nose ніс ґудзиком; кирпа; She had little features, a button nose, a pretty

chin, and a long graceful neck that stuck out of her pale blue cotton morning dress (H. Wells).

3059. button on (або up) one's mouth (або lips), to [тж. to be (або keep, play) mum; keep a quiet (або still, tight) tongue (in one's head); to keep a tight lip; to keep one's lips tight; to keep tight lips; to keep one's mouth closed (або shut); to keep one's tongue be­ tween (або within) one's teeth; to keep one's tongue in one's mouth; to keep one's tongue still; to seal up one's tongue; сл. to keep one's trap shut] мовчати, помовчувати; ^ держати язик за зубами, прикусити язик, ні пари з уст; imp. ^ мовчи та диш на бать­ ків книш; див. тж. С-785 та Н-1550;

Let's be mum on this subject (W. Thackeray).

After another reflective silence, Tom said: "Hucky, you sure you can keep mum?"

"Tom, we got to keep mum. You know that" (M. Twain).

...They were rough chaps maybe, and couldn't put out no talk at all, never being used to it, but if there was something wrong, as was plain to see, and keeping a quiet tongue in your head was the way it was going... (H. Caine).

Just keep a tight tongue in your head and move right along, and then you won't get into trouble with us. d'ye hear? (M. Twain).

Roy regretted his outburst. His anger and his surprise passed with the additional effort of keep­ing his tongue between his teeth (7. Aldrldge).

...While I'm taking a bit think to myself of what's the best thing to put you to — I'll ask you to keep your tongue within your teeth (R. Steven­son).

"The fool," muttered Hugh, "can't he keep his tongue in his mouth?" (H. Caine).

Keep your tongue still, or it will be the worse for you (A. Doyle).

You got to say a little bit and keep your trap shut (Mainstream, Sept., 1956).

3060. buttons came off the foils, the з рапір злетіли наконечники; ^ пристрасті розпа­ лилися (про спірку, диспут).

3061. button up one's mouth (або lips), to див. В-3059.

3062. button up one's pockets (або purse), і to [тж. to keep one's pockets buttoned; to tighten the (або one's) purse-strings] ску­ питися, шкодувати гроші, бути скнарою; скорочувати витрати, заощаджувати гро­ ші; див. тж. D-799, L-1253 та 6-825;

When they do see him they see a thin miserable fellow who keeps his pockets buttoned (G. Eliot).

...He had tightened his purse strings to the limit and ground her further under the pressure of his heel (A. Cronin).

3063. but what див. В-3054.

3064. buy a gold brick, to див. В-3070.

3065. buy a pig in a poke, to 1) купувати щось не бачивши; ^ купити кота в мішку [етим. фр. acheter chat en poche]_:

So the purchaser is asked to buy a pig in a poke (D. W. L., July 8, 1953).

2) взяти на себе зобов'язання, не знаючи про наслідки, пов'язані з цим.

3066. buy a white horse, to розм. розтринь­ кувати гроші.

3067. buy clothes off the peg, to (тж. to buy off the peg) купувати готовий одяг.

306S. buy (something) for a song (або for a mere, for an old song), to купити щось за безцінок, дуже дешево.

3069. buy (або seek, sow, take one's) gape- seed, to ірон. штовхатися без діла; ^ ви­ трішки ловити (на базарі тощо);

Take your gape-seed, Clara. There's nothing to pay. And you like gape-seed too. You stare at some of the houses, as though you wanted to look through the brick walls (W. Maxwell).

3070. buy gold bricks, to (тж. to buy a gold brick) амер. обманутися, дати обма­ нути себе; див. тж. G-1444 та S-426;

The trustees aren't fools by a long shot, but once that anti-Jew virus gets into the system, the brightest people buy gold bricks from men who they know in their hearts are vicious idiots (M. Wilson).

3071. buy money, to спорт, жарг. ставити найбільшу ставку на фаворита (на перего­ нах).

3072. buy off the peg, to див. В-3067.

3073. buy (something) over one's head, to перехопити у когось покупку, запропонував­ ши більшу ціну.

3074. buy the refusal of something, to за­ платити гроші за право переважної купівлі чогось у майбутньому або за право першого вибору.

3075. buzz like a beehive, to гудіти, як вулик;

The church was buzzing like a beehive in no time (M. Quin).

3076. by accident (або chance) випадково;

Had she fallen in love with Dave by accident? (A. Saxton).

At once Earl Newcomb suggested to his chief that he be permitted to telephone to the inn-keeper at Three Mile Bay to see if by any chance this mysterious stranger had been seen or had regis­tered there (Th. Dreiser).

3077. by a hair [тж. within a hair of; by (або within) a hairbreadth (або a hair's breadth, a hair's-breadth) of; within an ace

by

182

by

1

(або an inch) of] на волосинку від, майже, ледве-ледве;

The old woman had her cluch within a hair's breadth of his lock of hair as it stooped over the table; but she restrained her fingers (Ch. Dickens).

He peered about the room and was within an ace of touching me (H. Wells).

Whizz came a flint, apparently out of the air, and missed Mr. Marvel's shoulder by a hair's bre­adth (H. Wells).

3078. by air line (тж. by airline) див' А-86.

3079. by all accounts див. А-67.

3080. by all manner of means див. В-308Ї.

3081. by all means (тж. by all manner of means) 1) усіма засобами; за всяку ціну (тж. by any means); див. тж. А-765;

By all means she must remain (1. London).

2) звичайно, звісно, будь ласка;

"Would you permit me to whisper in your ear one half a second?"

"By all means." (Ch. Dickens).

By all manner of means, Valeria, let us have the new ideas! (W. Collins).

3082. by all odds див. В-3169.

3083. by all that's blue! розм. ^ хай йо­ му чорт [етим. фр. parbleu — евф. замість par Dieu — клянусь богом].

3084. by all the powers! (тж. by the po­ wers!; merciful powers!) розм. сили небесні!;

By the powers, 'tis scandalous enough to give a man black ja'ndice (A. Cronin)_

3085. by all tokens очевидно, здається, за всіма ознаками, виходячи з усього.

3086. by a long chalk див. В-3169.

3087. by a long jump див. В-3169.

3088. by a long shot див. В-3169.

3089. by a long way див. В-3169.

3090. by a narrow majority незначною більшістю; див. тж. В-3091.

In March 1933, after Dollfuss had captured power [in Austria] by a very narrow majority at a pre­vious election... he was able silently to dispose of Parliament (7. Cornford).

3091. by a narrow margin незначною біль­ шістю; див. тж. В-3090;

John Fewkes, president of the Chicago Teachers Union, supported the Board's proposal and even called a special meeting in October to consider the vote. His position was finally accepted by a narrow margin (The Worker, Feb. 15, 1959).

3092. by and again [тж. ever and again (або anon); (every) now and again (або then); every once in a way (або in a while); every so often; once and again; one time and another; time and again; time and time again; рідк. at one time with (або or) another;

рідк. at seasons; рідк. here and again; рідк. here at}d there] час від часу, коли-не-коли, неодноразово, зрідка, випадково; див. тж. F-1376;

Не went along the store ice, shaking his head slowly from side to side and sitting down ever and again to squeal and cry (3. London).

Every now and again he underlined words with a stub of pencil, or made notes in the margin (C. Trease).

Every now and then there was a gap in traffic and one could see across to the other side of the road (J. Sommerfield).

He kept his eyes fixed on his father's face, putt­ing a question now and then (J. Galsworthy).

Every once in a while he would look at the pale green hands of the little clock, crawling slowly around the night (D. Carter).

But, following the dictum of Engels, and as every Communist theoretician has pointed out time and again, Marxism-Leninism is not a dogma, but a guide to action (W. Foster).

"You could have let that room time and time again," says she (K. Mansfield).

At one time or another Harlem has been home to over seventeen theatre groups of more or less significance (Freedom-ways, vol. 3, No 3, 1963).

3093. by and by (тж. by-and-by) 1) див. B-2025; 2) незабаром; колись, згодом;

We may meet by and by (G. Byron). By-and-by somebody shouted: "Who's ready for the cave? (M. Twain).

3) заст. один за одним, у порядку; без­перервно, негайно, зразу ж.

3094. by-and-by is easily said присл. легко сказати «згодом».

3095. by and large (спочатку амер.) 1) мор. по вітру і без вітру; 2) перен. в ціло­ му, в основному, загалом кажучи;

Taking you by and large, you do seem to be more different kinds of an ass than any creature I ever saw before (M. Twain).

3096. by anticipation заздалегідь, завчас­ но, попереду, вперед;

...Lady Hetherington and the others looked bored by anticipation (E. Yates).

3097. by and means див. В-3081,1).

3098. by appointment як було домовлено, призначено;

She came, by appointment, in a neat blue dress, and all her money, as it were, in her stockings, and stood waiting to be catechised (J. Galsworthy).

3099. by a round-about route (або way) кружним шляхом, манівцями; див. тж. А-<86;

Patton took the hint, gave a grunt of thanks as his companion handed him two rabbits, ...and slouched off home by as sheltered and round-about way as possible (H. Ward).

3100. by (або with) a shake of one's (або the) head похитавши головою.

by

183

by

by a short cut див. А-86.

by (або with) a (060 the) strong arm (або hand) твердою рукою, рішуче; шляхом застосування сили.

by a thrust of fate кидаючи виклик долі;

"Guess he's dead by now." He only half be­lieved it, but he put Andy out of his mind by a thrust of fate (1. Aldridge).

366. by bad fortune (або luck) див. А-605.

367. by bell, book and candle див. В-10Т1,

2).

3106. by blow (тж. by-blow) позашлюбна, «незаконнонароджена» дитина;

Thorkel called lustily on his guests to drink again, and one stupefied old crony clambered to his feet and demanded silence for a toast

"To the father of the girl's by-blow," he shouted (H. Caine).

by bread and salt! див. B-3111.

by chalks див. В-3169.

by chance див. В-3076.

by character заст. за розповідями, за переказами, згідно з загальною думкою (особл. у виразі to know one by character).

by cock (and pie)! (тж. by bread and salt) І) заст. клянусь богом!, їй-богу! [cock є евфемізмом God; pie у цьому виразі вжив, у значенні богослужебна книга, але згодом його стали розуміти як сорока].

by cock's body! див. В-3135.

by courtesy (of) з ласки, з доз­ волу.

by day вдень.

by degrees див. В-2025.

by deputy через уповноважену осо­ бу, через представника;

Major Pendennis transacted his benevolence by deputy and by post (W. Thackeray).

3117. by dint of something з допомогою, шляхом чогось [слово dint спочатку мало значення удар (особл. зброєю), потім — на­ несення ударів; наприклад, у застарілому виразі by dint of sword — силою зброї; звід­ си сучасне значення виразу]; див. тж. В-600;

..By dint of slaving incessantly from morning till night she managed to keep her home comfortable and the children clean and decently dressed (R. Tressell).

3118. by doing nothing we learn to do ill

[тж. an idle brain is the devil's workshop; idleness is the mother (або the root) of all evil (або of all sin, of all vice); of idleness comes no goodness] присл. ^ без діла псу­ється сила;

Steady employment... keeps one out of mischief, for truly an idle brain is the devil's workshop (Smite»),

3119. by ear на слух, по слуху (грати на музичному інструменті, співати тощо);

Emil showed no inclination for duets. Most of the time he played by ear. The things he played by ear were all unfamiliar to the Hathaways, but after a week or two they got to know his repertory (S. War­ner).

3120. by easy stages повільно, поступово, не кваплячись (робити щось);

Near him, leaning listlessly against the wall, stood a strong-built countryman, flicking with a worn-out hunting-whip the top-boot that adorned his right foot: his left being, for he dressed by easy stages, thrust into an old slipper (Ch. Dickens).

by eye див. В-3219.

by fair means or foul див. В-3158.

by far (and away) див. В-3169.

by favour of one через когось (про передачу листа тощо);

...Не produced a note, addressed to the Honour­able Mrs. Skewton, by favour of Major Bagstock... (Ch. Dickens).

45. by (або under) favour (або the favour) of рідк. за допомогою; під покро­ вом.

46. by feat of див. B-3172.

47. by (або with) fire and sword вогнем і мечем;

Some daring thought — some well-supported and deep-schemed villainy could alone make that bandit venture openly into an Italian city, whose territo­ries he ravaged by fire and sword a few months back (E. Butwer Lytton).

3128. by (або in) fits and starts (тж. заст. at bits and starts) уривками, нерегулярно; судорожне, гарячкове; див. тж. F-668;

Не would have preferred Mr. Haredale's looking at him, when he spoke, as if he really did thank him, to his walking up and down, speaking by fits and starts (Ch. Dickens).

I had a plot of garden ground attached, which Barnaby, in fits and starts of working, trimmed and kept in order (Ch. Dickens).

3129. by force насильно, силою, силоміць;

"At the mine," the girl continued, "the police took the flags by force- and tore them up. They would have shot us, but they needed us to work in the mine" (S. Heytn).

649. by force of через, за допомогою, шляхом чогось [етим. фр. a force de].

650. by force of arms силою зброї;

"I was carried off, by force of arms," said Steerforth, "the very next morning after I got home" (Ch. Dickens).

184

by

2. by fortune див. А-628.

3. by Gad! див. В-3135.

4. by Gar! див. В-3135.

5. by George! [тж. by God; by Gosh; by heaven (або heavens, Heaven, Heavens); розм. by Gad; by Jove; by jeez; by Jupiter; заст. body of (або о') me; body of our Lord; by cock's body; by Gar; by God's bones (або nails, wound); by God's light; by good light (або gravy)! by nails; by this light; by Gog's arms (або blood, body, bones, wounds); Christ's blood; God's blood (або body, bread, head, wounds); Gog's arms (або blood, body, bones, wounds); сл. by gum; by Jimini (або Jimminy); амер. розм. by ginger; by grab (або grabs); by (або good) gravy; by hoo­ key; by the living hookey; амер. прострч. by Golly; амер. сл. by jingo (або jings, jingoes); by the living jingo; by the Great Living Tink­ er] клянусь богом!; їй-бо!; оце так!; ось тобі й маєш! (вираз здивування, досади то­ що) [св. Георгій вважається покровителем, Англії; Gad, Gar, Golly, Gosh, gum є пере­ крученим God; jeez—Jesus; етим. виразу by Jupiter лат. pro Juppiter];

By George! he would get out of this somehow into the sun, into a life that wa'S a life (1. Gals­worthy).

"By Gosh, if he does that," Dinny swore, and thousands of alluvial miners and prospectors swore with him, "the fight will be on again" (K.. S. Prichard).

I clenched my fist and banged the table hard. ...By heavens. I would do it..." (A. Cronin).

"She has the impudence to introduce Ducrot to Sylvia."

"By gad! Did she though?" (X. Tracy).

By Jove! we'll do a few things (A. Cronin).

...By jeez today I'm going to settle it! (D. Car­ter).

"By Jupiter, it's Mirobolant," cried Strong burst­ing out laughing (W. Thackeray).

By gum. Jenny, you look a treat (A. Cronin).

There they go, by Jimini! (A. Doyle).

Well, by golly it's Roy. You bet Roy (J. Aid-ridge).

I'll follow him; I will, by jingo! (M. Twain).

Look at him, Jim! he's going up there. Say — look! he's a-going to shake hands with them; he is a-shaking hands with him. By jings, don't you wish you were Jeff? ("AT. Twain).

By jingoes, we made a haul, didn't we? (O. Henry).

By the living jingo, here's the bag of gold on his breast (M. Twain).

"By the Great Living Tinker, you've been in no hurry to make up your mind about it,". Tassy gasped (K. S. Prichard).

1228. by ginger! див. В-3135.

1229. by God! див. В-3135.

1230. by God's bones! див. В-3135.

1231. by God's light! див. В-3135.

S3140. by God's nails! (або wounds)! див. B-3135. 3141. by Gog's arms (або blood, body, bones, wounds)! див. B-3135. і 3142. by Golly! див. B-3135.

bygones are bygones присл. ^ що пройшло, того не вернеш; то колись було, та загуло; що було, то мохом поросло.

by good fortune див. А-628.

by good light (або gravy)! див. B-3135.

by good luck див. А-628.

by Gosh! див. B-3135.

by grab (або grabs)! див. B-3135.

by gravy! див. B-3135.

by guess (або guess-work) навгад, навмання;

...They lived in the obscurity of an eternal twi­light, and could travel only by guess-work (Mayne Reid).

by gum! див. B-3135.

by hand 1) від руки, ручним спосо­ бом (зробити щось); 2) з посланцем (пере­ дати щось);

"Miss Wright has sent you this, madam, by hand." The packet, which was carefully sealed, contained a letter (E. Vqynich).

72. by (або in, on, through) hap заст. 1) випадково; 2) можливо.

165. by (hap)hazard див. А-809.

72. by heart (тж. by rote) напам'ять (звич. вжив, з дієсловами to get, to know, to learn);

Actually each attempted to delude the other, for they knew by heart the incidence of the posts from India, and the mystery of the passage of mail ships was now to them an open book (A. Cronin).

But he was better than I at reciting poetry, any day, for not only did he remember by rote the verses in the text-book, but he could repeat the endless pages of prose in that book so that they seemed like poetry (Mulk Raj Anand).

309. by heaven (або heavens)! див. B-3135.

293. by hookey! див. B-3135.

309. by hook or by crook (тж. by hook or crook; by fair means or foul) всіма правда­ ми і неправдами; ^ не києм, то палицею;

It was not a manorial farm in the ordinary sense, with fields, and pastures, and a grumbling farmer, out of whom, the owner had to squeeze an income for himself and his family by hook or by crook (Th. Hardy).

In order to succeed in the world [under capital­ism] it was necessary to be brutal, selfish and unfeeling: to push others aside and to take advant­age of their misfortunes: to undersell and crush out one's competitors by fair means or foul: to consider one's own interests first in every case, absolutely regardless of the wellbeing of others (R. Tressel).

by

185

by

by ill fortune (або luck) див. А-605.

by inches дир. В-2025.

by jeez! див. В-3135.

by Jimini (або Jimminy)! див.

3159.

3160.

3161.

3162. B-3135.

3163. by jingo (або jings, jingoes)! див. B-3135.

by Jove! див. B-3135. by Jupiter! див. B-3135. by (або in) leaps and bounds дуже навальне, семимильними кроками;

3164.

3165.

3166. швидко,

And under the control of a few persons, our trusts wax and exploitation grows by leaps and bounds (Th. Dreiser).

The sun rose in leaps and bounds, jerking itself upward as though it were in a great hurry to rise above the tops of the pines so it could shine down upon the flat country from there to the Gulf (E. Caldwell).

300. by line (або by line and level; by rule and line) точно, методично.

301. by little and little див. В-2025.

302. by long chalks розм. (тж. by far; far and away; out and away; розм. by a long chalk; розм. by a long way; розм. by chalks; розм. by long odds; сл. by a long shot; амер. by all odds; амер. by odds; амер. сл. by a long jump) значно, набагато; безсумнівно, безперечно, рішуче; див. тж. О-1014, 3);

'"You are a chicken-hearted thing, mother," re­plied the boy, but not unkindly; "you're worse than Milly here, by long chalks..." (F. Marryat).

Once they were seated in the living-room, he began to get on easily — more easily by far than І he had expected (J. London).

You see, the way they work things in Blaenelly is like this: the Company has three doctors on Us list, though mind you Doctor Page is far and away the cleverest doctor of the lot (A. Cronin).

"Who's the best shot?" asked the captain.

Mr. Trelawney, out and away," said I (R. Ste­venson).

Cressler is not to know by the longest kind of chalk — anyhow not until he's so far in, he can't pull out (F. Norris).

There's not enough being done, by a long way (R. Tressell).

But all the rules aren't kept around here by a long shot (Th. Dreiser).

I tell you what it is, 'Old Charley,' you are, by all odds, the heartiest old fellow I ever came across in all my born days (E. Poe).

"But it ain't all I want by a long jump," said Tom (H. Beecher Stowe).

x 3170. by long odds див. В-3169.

3171. by main force (або strength) сило­міць, силою;

Sam saw that his master's injunctions were not to be disobeyed and catching his father by the arm as he was descending the stairs, dragged him back by main force (Ch. Dickens).

249. by means of (тж. заст. by feat of) за (з) допомогою, через щось;

250. by (або with) might and main (тж. hammer and tongs; hip and thigh) з усієї сили, при повному напруженні сил, енергій­ но; з усією рішучістю; див. тж. М-1095;

Growl had been listening at Newman's door with all his might and main (Ch. Dickens').

The ancient rules of a fair fight were utterly dis­regarded; both parties went at it hammer and tongs, and hit one another anywhere with anything (J. Payn).

293. by mischance див. А-605.

294. by mouth див. В-3271.

295. by my faith [тж. good faith; in faith; i'faith; (заст. розм. by my fay; заст. by my hood); етим. перших чотирьох виразів лат. bona fides] слово честі; див. тж. В-3179 та Н-1672;

І hear sounds which I like not, by yonder trees — hark! the neigh of a horse! — by my faith, too, there is the gleam of a corselet (E. Bulger Lytton).

300. by my fay! див. В-3176.

301. by my hood! див. В-3176.

302. by (або on, upon) my troth заст. сло­ во честі; див. тж. В-3176 та Н-1672;

"By my troth," cried one of the young servit­ors...," this is but dull work!" (E. Bulwer Lytton).

Upon my troth, his breath is as sweet as a nosegay (H. Fielding).

3180. by nails! див. B-3135.

31'81. by name (таю. by the name of; of the name of) на ім'я.

3182. by nature по природі, з природи; по натурі, за вдачею, від народження;

The Musk-o-gee is simply losing game by nature and the trapper (J. Aldridge).

3183. by night and day (тж. night and day) день і ніч, вдень і вночі, безперервно;

"God grant it may not be true! but it haunts me night and day."

"A presentiment, aunt, of danger to Andrew! Indeed it must be fancy" (F. Marryat).

279. by no manner of means див. В-3185.

280. by no means (тж. by no manner of means) 1) ні в якому разі, аж ніяк (тж. заст. at no hand);

Yet she had by no means astonished him when her confession came out (G. Meredith).

"Well," she says, "I'll run down to breakfast now, and then I'll start straight for Mr. Lothrop's."

"Deed, that ain't [= isn't] the ticket, Miss Mary Jane." I say, "by no manner of means; go before breakfast" (M. Twain).

by

186

2). ніскільки, зовсім ні, ні ,в якій мірі;

"The Hurons are not to be seen," he said, addressing David, whose faculties had by no means recovered from the effects of the stunning blow he had received (1. Cooper).

120. by nothing short of a miracle майже чудом, якимсь дивом.

121. by now на цей час, тепер;

The other two had gone some time before, and they would be away by now (J. Aldridge).

3188. by odd chance цілком випадково; якимсь дивом;

Не saw a human wreck that had survived by odd chance, starved physically, starved mentally, wrap­ped up in his own bitterness, kept alive by dreams, illusions, and injections (S. Heym).

332. by odds див. В-3169.

333. by (або in) ones and twos по одному і по двоє;

In ones and twos his former mates saw him, too, and soon there was a small crowd knotted around him, shouting and back-slapping (D. Carter).

3191. by oneself 1) один, сам;

"For my part," continued Mr. Fudge, "nothing would induce me to give it up. If you won't share the thing, I'll go — by Jove, sir, I'll go by myself" (Ch. Dickens).

2) соло; без акомпанемента;

Mrs. Strong was a very pretty singer, as I knew, who often heard her singing by herself (Ch. Dick­ens).