- •Contents
- •Acknowledgments
- •Abbreviations
- •Introduction
- •Aims
- •Structure and organization
- •Levels
- •Selection criteria
- •Features
- •Exercises
- •Text work
- •Role-playing or game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Answers
- •Unit 1
- •Towns, cities, and buildings
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •The household
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Gardens
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 2
- •The physical world
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •The animal world
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •The weather
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 3
- •The body
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Health services
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 4
- •Physical appearance
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Body language
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 5
- •Personality
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Behavior
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text B
- •Text C
- •Role-playing and game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 6
- •Clothing, footwear, and accessories
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Food and drink
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 7
- •Perception, moods, and the mind
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Materials and textures
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 8
- •Quantity, shape, measurement, and size
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Containers
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 9
- •The arts
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •The media
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 10
- •Literature and writing
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Expression, interacting, speaking, reading, writing, and phoning
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 11
- •Leisure
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Sport
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 12
- •Travel
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Transportation
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 13
- •The life cycle
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Religion
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 14
- •Education
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Science
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 15
- •Agriculture
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Industry
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 16
- •The business world
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Employment
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 17
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Communications
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 18
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Finance
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 19
- •Geography
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •History and war
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 20
- •Politics
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Social services and social issues
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Answers to exercises
- •Unit 1
- •Unit 2
- •Unit 3
- •Unit 4
- •Unit 5
- •Unit 6
- •Unit 7
- •Unit 8
- •Unit 9
- •Unit 10
- •Unit 11
- •Unit 12
- •Unit 13
- •Unit 14
- •Unit 15
- •Unit 16
- •Unit 17
- •Unit 18
- •Unit 19
- •Unit 20
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History and war |
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il golfo |
gulf |
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la pianura |
plain |
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la guardia forestale |
forest ranger |
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il promontorio |
promontory |
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l’iceberg (m, inv) |
iceberg |
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la sedimentazione |
sedimentation |
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l’istmo |
isthmus |
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il sedimento |
sediment |
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la montagna |
mountain |
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stratum |
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il monte |
mount, mountain |
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la valle |
valley |
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la penisola |
peninsula |
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il vulcano |
volcano |
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History and war
Level 1
Historical concepts
l’antichita` |
antiquity |
antidiluviano |
antediluvian |
l’apice (m) |
apex, peak |
l’archeologo/ |
archeologist |
l’archeologa |
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la caduta |
fall |
il crollo |
collapse |
il decennio |
decade |
il declino |
decline |
l’egittologia |
Egyptology |
l’egittologo/ |
Egyptologist |
l’egittologa |
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l’epoca |
epoch |
l’era |
era |
il fossile |
fossil |
fossilizzato |
fossilized |
il periodo |
period |
la preistoria |
prehistory |
preistorico |
prehistoric |
la rovina |
ruin |
il secolo |
century |
la storia militare |
military history |
la storia sociale |
social history |
storico |
historical |
lo storico/la storica |
historian |
la storiografia |
historiography |
lo storiografo/la |
historian, |
storiografa |
historiographer |
Military concepts |
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l’alleanza |
alliance |
l’alleato |
ally |
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l’ammutinamento |
mutiny |
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l’armistizio |
armistice |
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arrendersi |
to surrender |
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l’attacco |
attack |
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la battaglia |
battle |
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la battaglia campale |
field battle |
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la campagna |
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campaign |
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il campo di battaglia |
battlefield |
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il cannone |
cannon |
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la capitolazione, la |
surrender |
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combattere |
to fight, to combat |
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il combattimento |
combat |
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il conflitto |
conflict |
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il conflitto a fuoco |
armed conflict |
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il coprifuoco |
curfew |
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il criminale di guerra |
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war criminal |
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la difesa |
defense |
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l’esercito |
army |
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la fazione |
faction |
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la flotta |
fleet |
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le forniture militari |
military equipment |
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le forze aeree militari |
air forces |
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le forze armate |
armed forces |
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il fronte di guerra |
war front |
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la fuga |
flight |
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il fuoco del nemico |
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enemy fire |
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il grado militare |
rank |
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la guerra |
war |
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la guerra aerea |
air war |
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la guerra atomica |
atomic war |
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la guerra |
biological warfare |
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batteriologica |
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414 |
Unit 19 |
la guerra chimica |
chemical warfare |
la guerra civile |
civil war |
la guerra di |
war of independence |
indipendenza |
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la guerra di |
war of liberation |
liberazione |
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la guerra di |
war of succession |
successione |
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la guerra di trincea |
trench warfare |
la guerra fredda |
cold war |
la Guerra Mondiale |
World War |
la guerra navale |
naval war |
la guerra santa |
holy war |
la guerra terrestre |
land war |
le guerre stellari |
star wars |
il guerriero |
warrior |
la guerriglia |
guerrilla warfare |
l’incursione (f ), il |
raid |
raid (inv) |
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l’indennita` di guerra |
war compensation |
l’insurrezione (f ) |
insurrection |
la lotta |
fight, struggle |
la manovra |
maneuver |
la marina militare |
navy |
il prigioniero di |
prisoner of war |
guerra |
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i profitti di guerra |
spoils of war |
la recluta |
recruit |
il ritiro |
retreat |
la rivolta |
revolt |
la rivoluzione |
revolution |
lo schieramento delle |
troop alignment |
truppe |
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la sconfitta |
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lo scontro |
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la sedizione |
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il soldato |
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la sommossa |
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lo stato di guerra |
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la strategia |
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la tattica |
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il tribunale di guerra |
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la trincea |
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le truppe |
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l’ufficiale militare |
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la vittoria |
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la zona di guerra |
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Weaponry |
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l’arma |
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l’arma automatica |
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l’arma batteriologica |
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l’arma chimica |
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l’arma convenzionale |
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l’arma da fuoco |
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l’arma nucleare |
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la bomba |
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deporre le armi |
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il fucile |
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il mercante d’armi |
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il mercato delle armi |
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la piazza d’armi |
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la pistola |
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il porto d’armi |
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defeat skirmish,
confrontation, clash sedition
soldier uprising, riot state of war strategy tactic
war tribunal trench troops officer victory
war zone
weapon automatic weapon biological weapon chemical weapon
conventional weapon firearm
nuclear weapon bomb
to lay down one’s arms rifle
arms dealer arms trade firing range pistol
weapons permit
Level 2
Historical concepts
l’abolizione della |
abolition of slavery |
schiavitu` |
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gli annali |
annals |
l’annalista (m and f ) |
annalist |
l’Antica Grecia |
Ancient Greece |
l’Antica Roma |
Ancient Rome |
l’archivio storico |
historical archive |
l’archivista (m and f ) |
archivist |
il Barocco |
Baroque |
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Bisanzio |
Byzantium |
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bizantino |
Byzantine |
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il classicismo |
Classicism |
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la crociata |
crusade |
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il crociato |
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crusader |
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il documento |
document |
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ellenico |
Hellenic |
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l’Epoca glaciale |
Ice Age |
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l’Eta` del ferro |
Iron Age |
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l’Eta` della pietra |
Stone Age |
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History and war |
feudale |
feudal |
il feudalismo |
feudalism |
l’Illuminismo |
the Enlightenment |
l’Impero Romano |
Roman Empire |
medioevale |
medieval |
il Medioevo |
Middle Ages |
la narrazione |
narration, story |
neolitico |
Neolithic |
la paleontologia |
paleontology |
la paleografia |
paleography |
paleolitico |
Paleolithic |
il periodo paleolitico |
Paleolithic period |
il periodo neolitico |
Neolithic period |
la plebe |
plebeians |
plebeo |
plebeian |
la Prima Guerra |
First World War |
Mondiale |
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il proibizionismo |
Prohibition |
il Rinascimento |
Renaissance |
la rivoluzione |
Industrial Revolution |
industriale |
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il romanticismo |
Romanticism |
lo scavo archeologico |
archeological dig, |
la schiavitu` |
excavation |
slavery |
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la Seconda Guerra |
Second World War |
Mondiale |
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la teleologia |
teleology |
teleologico |
teleological |
Military concepts |
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l’ammiraglio |
admiral |
il battaglione |
battalion |
il capitano |
captain |
il caporale |
corporal |
il carro armato |
tank |
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la caserma |
barracks |
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la colonna |
column |
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il colonnello |
colonel |
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la fanteria |
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infantry |
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il generale |
general |
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l’ospedale militare |
military hospital |
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(m) |
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l’ostaggio |
hostage |
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il plotone |
platoon |
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il quartiere generale |
headquarters |
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il sergente |
sergeant |
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il sergente maggiore |
sergeant major |
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il sottotenente |
second lieutenant |
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la spia |
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spy |
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lo spionaggio |
espionage |
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lo squadrone |
squadron |
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il tenente |
lieutenant |
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il tenente-colonnello |
lieutenant-colonel |
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i viveri |
supplies |
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Weaponry |
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l’artiglieria |
artillery |
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l’artiglieria |
anti-aircraft weaponry |
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contraerea |
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l’artiglieria pesante |
heavy artillery |
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il fucile mitragliatore |
machine gun |
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i fucilieri |
riflemen |
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la granata |
grenade |
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il missile |
missile |
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il missile balistico |
ballistic missile |
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il missile strategico |
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strategic missile |
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il missile terra-aria |
land-to-air missile |
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la pallottola |
bullet |
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la pistola |
submachine gun |
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mitragliatrice |
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il pugnale |
knife, dagger |
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Level 3
Military concepts and weaponry
l’agguato |
ambush |
la bomba a mano |
hand grenade |
la bomba a tempo |
time bomb |
la bomba all’idrogeno |
hydrogen |
la bomba anti-carro |
anti-tank grenade |
la bomba atomica |
atomic bomb |
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la bomba fumogena |
smoke bomb |
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la bomba molotov |
molotov cocktail |
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la bomba nucleare |
nuclear bomb |
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il gas lacrimogeno |
tear gas |
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il gas nervino |
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nerve gas |
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il gas tossico |
poison gas |
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la tregua |
truce |
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