- •Contents
- •Acknowledgments
- •Abbreviations
- •Introduction
- •Aims
- •Structure and organization
- •Levels
- •Selection criteria
- •Features
- •Exercises
- •Text work
- •Role-playing or game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Answers
- •Unit 1
- •Towns, cities, and buildings
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •The household
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Gardens
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 2
- •The physical world
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •The animal world
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •The weather
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 3
- •The body
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Health services
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 4
- •Physical appearance
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Body language
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 5
- •Personality
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Behavior
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text B
- •Text C
- •Role-playing and game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 6
- •Clothing, footwear, and accessories
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Food and drink
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 7
- •Perception, moods, and the mind
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Materials and textures
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 8
- •Quantity, shape, measurement, and size
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Containers
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 9
- •The arts
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •The media
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 10
- •Literature and writing
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Expression, interacting, speaking, reading, writing, and phoning
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 11
- •Leisure
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Sport
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 12
- •Travel
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Transportation
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 13
- •The life cycle
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Religion
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 14
- •Education
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Science
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 15
- •Agriculture
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Industry
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 16
- •The business world
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Employment
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 17
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Communications
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 18
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Finance
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 19
- •Geography
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •History and war
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 20
- •Politics
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Social services and social issues
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Answers to exercises
- •Unit 1
- •Unit 2
- •Unit 3
- •Unit 4
- •Unit 5
- •Unit 6
- •Unit 7
- •Unit 8
- •Unit 9
- •Unit 10
- •Unit 11
- •Unit 12
- •Unit 13
- •Unit 14
- •Unit 15
- •Unit 16
- •Unit 17
- •Unit 18
- •Unit 19
- •Unit 20
Unit 2
The physical world
Level 1
Formations and general aspects of topography
l’ambiente (m) |
environment |
l’arcipelago |
archipelago |
il bacino |
basin |
il campo |
field |
il deserto |
desert |
l’erba |
grass |
l’isola |
island |
il lago |
lake |
il paesaggio |
landscape |
la pianura |
plane |
il prato |
field (of grass), |
la terra |
meadow |
land |
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il terreno agrario |
farmland |
la vegetazione |
vegetation |
Coasts and rivers |
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l’acqua di mare, |
salt water |
l’acqua salata |
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l’acqua dolce |
fresh water |
l’affluente (m) |
tributary |
l’alveo |
river-bed |
l’ansa |
river bend |
l’argine (m) |
river bank |
la baia |
bay |
il canale |
channel |
il capo |
cape |
la cascata |
waterfall |
il ciottolo |
pebble |
la costa |
coast, coastline |
la curva, la svolta |
bend |
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l’estuario |
estuary |
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il fiume |
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river |
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il fondo del mare |
sea-bed |
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il golfo |
gulf |
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l’insenatura |
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cove |
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il mare |
sea |
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il mare calmo |
smooth sea |
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il mare mosso, il mare |
rough sea |
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agitato |
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la marea |
tide, billow |
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la marea alta |
high tide |
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la marea bassa |
low tide |
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l’onda |
wave |
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la penisola |
peninsula |
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la pietra, il sasso |
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la pozza |
pond |
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il promontorio |
headland, promontory |
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il rifluire e fluire |
ebb and flow |
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la schiuma |
foam |
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la scogliera |
cliff |
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scorrere |
to flow |
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la spiaggia |
beach |
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la sponda |
edge, bank |
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la terraferma |
dry land, mainland |
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Mountains, hills, rocks, and |
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geological phenomena |
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la catena di montagne |
mountain range |
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la caverna |
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cavern |
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il colle |
hill |
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la cresta |
ridge |
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il declivio, il pendio |
slope |
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l’eruzione (f ) |
eruption |
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The physical world |
la grotta |
cave |
la lastra |
slab, block |
la lava |
lava |
il macigno |
boulder |
il passo |
pass |
il precipizio |
precipice |
la roccia |
rock |
la sabbia |
sand |
il terremoto |
earthquake |
la valle, la vallata |
valley |
il vulcano |
volcano |
Woodland |
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l’abete (m) |
fir |
l’acero |
maple |
la betulla |
birch |
il boschetto |
grove |
il bosco |
woods |
il castagno |
chestnut tree |
il cipresso |
cypress |
il faggio |
beech |
la felce |
fern |
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la foresta |
forest |
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il frassino |
ash tree |
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la landa |
heath |
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il musco, il muschio |
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moss |
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l’olmo |
elm |
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il pino |
pine |
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la quercia |
oak |
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il sottobosco |
undergrowth |
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il tratto disboscato |
clearing |
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Fruit trees |
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l’arancio |
orange tree |
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il ciliegio |
cherry tree |
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il fico |
fig tree |
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il frutto |
fruit tree |
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il limone |
lemon, lemon tree |
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il melo |
apple tree |
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il noce |
walnut tree |
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l’ulivo, l’olivo |
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olive tree |
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il pero |
pear tree |
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il pesco |
peach tree |
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Level 2
Coasts, rivers, formations
l’acquitrino |
bog, fen |
il banco di scogli |
reef |
la barriera corallina |
coral reef |
la cresta dell’onda |
surf |
la frangente, l’ondata |
breaker |
il gorgo, il vortice |
whirlpool |
il guado |
ford |
il mulinello d’acqua |
eddy |
l’ondata di ritorno, la |
backwash |
risacca |
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la palude |
swamp |
la torbiera |
peat bog |
Mountains and hills |
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l’abisso |
abyss |
il burrone |
gully |
la collina |
hill |
le colline |
foothills |
pedemontane |
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il crepaccio |
crevasse |
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dirupato |
craggy |
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l’elevazione, |
rise, elevation |
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l’innalzamento |
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la fessura, la crepa |
crack, crevice |
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montagnoso |
mountainous |
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ondulato |
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undulating |
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il poggio |
knoll, hillock |
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ripido |
steep |
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lo strapiombo |
sheer drop |
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la vetta |
peak |
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Woodland |
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l’agrifoglio |
holly |
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il biancospino |
hawthorn |
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la boscaglia |
brushwood |
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il ceppo |
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stump |
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la corteccia, la scorza |
bark |
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il diboscamento |
deforestation |
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l’edera |
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ivy |
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