- •Contents
- •Acknowledgments
- •Abbreviations
- •Introduction
- •Aims
- •Structure and organization
- •Levels
- •Selection criteria
- •Features
- •Exercises
- •Text work
- •Role-playing or game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Answers
- •Unit 1
- •Towns, cities, and buildings
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •The household
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Gardens
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 2
- •The physical world
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •The animal world
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •The weather
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 3
- •The body
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Health services
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 4
- •Physical appearance
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Body language
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 5
- •Personality
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Behavior
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text B
- •Text C
- •Role-playing and game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 6
- •Clothing, footwear, and accessories
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Food and drink
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 7
- •Perception, moods, and the mind
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Materials and textures
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 8
- •Quantity, shape, measurement, and size
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Containers
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 9
- •The arts
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •The media
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 10
- •Literature and writing
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Expression, interacting, speaking, reading, writing, and phoning
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 11
- •Leisure
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Sport
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 12
- •Travel
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Transportation
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 13
- •The life cycle
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Religion
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 14
- •Education
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Science
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 15
- •Agriculture
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Industry
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 16
- •The business world
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Employment
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 17
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Communications
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 18
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Finance
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 19
- •Geography
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •History and war
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Game-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Unit 20
- •Politics
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Social services and social issues
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Exercises
- •Level 1
- •Level 2
- •Level 3
- •Synthesis
- •Text work
- •Text A
- •Text B
- •Role-playing
- •Discussion/Composition/Activities
- •Answers to exercises
- •Unit 1
- •Unit 2
- •Unit 3
- •Unit 4
- •Unit 5
- •Unit 6
- •Unit 7
- •Unit 8
- •Unit 9
- •Unit 10
- •Unit 11
- •Unit 12
- •Unit 13
- •Unit 14
- •Unit 15
- •Unit 16
- •Unit 17
- •Unit 18
- •Unit 19
- •Unit 20
328 |
Unit 15 |
la stoppia |
stubble, thatch |
la vanga |
shovel, spade |
vangare |
to till |
la zappa |
hoe |
zappare |
to hoe |
la zolla, la motta |
clod |
Livestock |
|
abbattere, macellare |
to slaughter |
l’afta epizootica |
foot and mouth disease |
il bidone del latte |
milk can |
i bovini |
beef cattle |
il ferro da cavallo |
horseshoe |
il giogo |
yoke |
incubare |
to incubate |
il mattatoio, il |
slaughter-house |
macello |
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la poppa, la |
udder |
mammella |
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sbattere la panna del |
to churn |
latte |
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la vacca da latte |
milking cow |
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il verro |
boar |
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la zangola |
churning receptacle |
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Crops |
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la canapa |
hemp |
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il covone |
sheaf |
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la falce |
sickle |
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falciare |
to mow, to reap |
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la falciatrice |
mower, reaper |
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la fermentazione |
fermentation |
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il fusto, il barile |
cask |
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imballare |
to bale |
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l’insetticida (m) |
pesticide |
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la macchina pigiatrice |
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wine press |
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il parassita |
pest |
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pigiare l’uva |
to press the grapes |
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la rotazione delle |
crop rotation |
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colture |
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la spiga |
ear (of corn) |
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travasare |
to decant |
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la vigna, il vigneto |
vineyard |
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la vite |
vine |
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Industry |
Level 1 |
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General |
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la fabbricazione |
manufacturing |
l’industria |
hotel industry |
alberghiera |
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l’industria alimentare |
food industry |
l’industria |
car industry |
automobilistica |
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l’industria chimica |
chemical industry |
l’industria del |
tourism industry |
turismo |
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l’industria edile |
construction industry |
l’industria |
computing industry |
informatica |
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l’industria meccanica |
mechanical industry |
l’industria |
metal industry |
metallurgica |
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l’industria nazionale |
national industry |
l’industria nucleare |
nuclear industry |
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l’industria petrolifera |
oil industry |
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l’industria |
steel industry |
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siderurgica |
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l’industria tessile |
textile industry |
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industrializzare |
to industrialize |
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l’ingegneria chimica |
chemical engineering |
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l’ingegneria civile |
civil engineering |
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l’ingegneria |
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electronic engineering |
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elettronica |
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l’ingegneria |
mechanical engineering |
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meccanica |
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l’ingegneria nucleare |
nuclear engineering |
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la merce, la mercanzia |
merchandise |
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le nuove tecnologie |
new technologies |
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il prodotto |
product |
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il settore primario |
primary sector |
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il settore privato |
private sector |
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il settore pubblico |
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public sector |
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Industry |
il settore secondario |
secondary sector |
il settore terziario |
tertiary sector |
la tecnologia |
technology |
le tecnologie |
leading edge |
innovative/ |
technologies |
all’avanguardia |
|
Personnel |
|
l’amministratore/ |
administrator |
l’amministratrice |
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il/la caporeparto |
supervisor, person in |
il direttore/la |
charge |
director, CEO |
|
direttrice |
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il/la dirigente |
executive |
il/la fabbricante |
manufacturer |
l’impiegato/ |
(white collar) worker |
l’impiegata |
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l’industriale |
industrialist |
(m and f ) |
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il lavoratore/la |
worker |
lavoratrice |
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il manager (inv) |
manager |
la manodopera |
labor force |
il manovale |
laborer |
l’operaio/l’operaia |
(blue collar) worker |
il/la soprintendente, |
supervisor |
il supervisore |
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il tecnico/la tecnica |
technician |
Industrial processes, premises, and |
|
machinery |
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l’altoforno |
blast furnace |
automatizzato |
automated |
il cantiere edile |
construction site |
il cantiere navale |
shipyard |
la catena di |
assembly line |
montaggio |
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la cava |
quarry |
la centrale elettrica |
electric power station |
la centrale nucleare |
nuclear generating |
conservare |
plant |
to preserve |
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la distilleria |
distillery |
la fabbrica |
factory |
329
.. |
la fabbrica della carta |
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paper-mill |
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la fabbrica delle armi |
munitions factory |
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la fabbrica di |
car factory |
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automobili |
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la fabbrica di birra |
brewing house, brewery |
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la fabbrica di |
appliance factory |
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elettrodomestici |
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la fabbrica di |
manufacturing plant |
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manufatti |
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la fabbrica di |
musical instrument |
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strumenti musicali |
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factory |
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fabbricare, produrre |
to manufacture |
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filare |
to spin |
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la filatura del cotone |
cotton mill |
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la fonderia |
smelting works, |
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foundry |
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il forno |
furnace |
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l’impianto |
ironworks |
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metallurgico |
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l’impianto |
steelworks |
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siderurgico |
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la manifattura di |
tobacco manufacturing |
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tabacchi |
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la miniera |
mine |
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la miniera di carbone |
coal mine |
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la miniera di diamanti |
diamond mine |
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l’officina |
(mechanical) shop |
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il pozzo petrolifero |
oil well |
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il prodotto finale |
end product |
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il prodotto tessile |
textile product |
.. |
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la produzione |
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output, production |
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la produzione di |
mass production |
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massa |
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raffinare |
to refine |
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la raffineria |
refinery |
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lo scavo, l’escavazione |
excavation |
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(m) |
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la segheria |
saw-mill |
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il sottoprodotto |
by-product |
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la sovrapproduzione |
overproduction |
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lo stabilimento |
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plant |
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stampare |
to print |
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la stoviglieria |
pottery |
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la tipografia |
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printing-press |
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|
330 |
Unit 15 |
Level 2 |
|
Workers, personnel, and types |
|
of work |
|
il conciatore/la |
tanner |
conciatrice |
|
il filatore/la filatrice |
spinner |
il fonditore/la |
caster |
fonditrice |
|
l’imballatore/ |
packer |
l’imballatrice |
|
l’impiego a mezzo |
half-time job |
tempo |
|
l’impiego a tempo |
part-time job |
parziale |
|
l’impiego a tempo |
full-time job |
pieno |
|
l’inchiodatore/ |
riveter |
l’inchiodatrice |
|
il laminatore/la |
rolling-mill operator |
laminatrice |
|
il lavoratore |
self-employed worker |
autonomo |
|
il magazziniere/la |
warehouse |
magazziniera |
man/woman |
il montatore/la |
fitter, assembler |
montatrice |
|
l’operaio non |
unskilled worker |
qualificato |
|
l’operaio qualificato |
skilled worker |
l’operaio |
semi-skilled worker |
specializzato |
|
il saldatore/la |
welder |
saldatrice |
|
il tessitore/la |
weaver |
tessitrice |
|
il tornitore/la |
turner |
tornitrice |
|
il turno di giorno |
day shift |
il turno di lavoro |
work shift |
il turno di notte |
night shift |
il verificatore/la |
controller, checker |
verificatrice, il |
|
controllore |
|
. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
Premises, workplaces, and production |
|
.. |
||
... |
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.. |
l’adattatore (m) |
adapter |
.. |
||
.. |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
l’amplificatore (m) |
amplifier |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
il biscottificio, la |
biscuit factory |
.. |
||
... |
||
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.. |
biscotteria |
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.. |
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.. |
il cavo |
cable |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
il circuito |
circuit |
.. |
||
... |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
il collegamento |
connection |
.. |
||
.. |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
collegare |
|
.. |
to connect, to plug in |
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... |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
la componente |
component |
.. |
||
... |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
il conduttore |
conductor |
.. |
||
.. |
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il dispositivo di |
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.. |
safety device |
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... |
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sicurezza |
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... |
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.. |
l’equipaggiamento, |
equipment |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
l’attrezzatura |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
il filtro |
filter |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
la fognatura, lo |
sewage, waste |
.. |
||
... |
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.. |
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.. |
scarico |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
inchiodare |
to rivet |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
ingrassare |
to grease |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
il laboratorio di |
research laboratory |
.. |
||
.. |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
ricerca |
|
.. |
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... |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
la lampadina |
bulb |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
la laneria |
woolen mill |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
lubrificare |
to lubricate |
.. |
||
.. |
||
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
|
|
.. |
il magazzino |
stockroom |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
mantenere |
to maintain |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
la misura di |
security measure |
.. |
||
.. |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
sicurezza |
|
.. |
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... |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
oliare, ungere |
to oil |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
|
|
.. |
il posto di lavoro |
workplace, work |
.. |
||
.. |
||
.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
|
station |
... |
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.. |
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.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
la presa di corrente |
electric socket |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
il reparto |
packing/packaging |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
|
|
.. |
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|
.. |
|
|
.. |
d’imballaggio |
shop |
.. |
||
.. |
||
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
|
|
.. |
il reparto di |
assembly shop |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
|
|
.. |
montaggio |
|
.. |
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|
... |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
|
|
.. |
revisionare |
to overhaul |
.. |
||
.. |
||
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
|
|
.. |
rifinire |
to finish |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
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|
.. |
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|
.. |
|
|
.. |
smontare |
to take to pieces |
.. |
||
... |
||
.. |
|
|
.. |
|
|
.. |
|
|
.. |
la spedizione |
shipping out |
.. |
||
.. |
||
.. |
|
|
.. |
|
|
.. |
|
|
.. |
la spina elettrica |
|
.. |
plug |
|
... |
||
.. |
|
|
.. |
|
|
.. |
|
|
.. |
l’utensile (m) |
tool |
.. |
||
. |
||
.. |
|
|
.. |
|
|
Industry |
331 |
Level 3
General
l’agrochimica |
agrochemical industry |
il capitale sociale |
capital stock |
la cintura industriale |
industrial belt |
l’editoria |
publishing industry |
l’espansione |
economic expansion, |
economica |
growth |
l’industria dei |
pharmaceutical |
farmaci |
industry |
l’industria del cinema |
film industry |
l’industria del |
fast-food industry |
fast-food |
|
l’industria |
clothing industry |
dell’abbigliamento |
|
l’industria della moda |
fashion industry |
l’industria dello |
entertainment industry |
spettacolo |
|
l’industria |
petrochemical industry |
petrolchimica |
|
i mezzi di |
mass communications |
comunicazione (di |
media |
massa) |
|
le spese di |
operating costs |
manutenzione |
|
lo spionaggio |
industrial espionage |
industriale |
|
Machinery, tools, and activities |
|
accendere |
to turn on |
allentare |
to loosen |
l’asse (f ) |
axle |
avvitare |
to screw |
il banco di lavoro |
work-bench |
la benna |
tub, scoop, dump |
la betoniera |
cement-mixer |
il bisello, lo smusso |
bevel |
bloccare, serrare |
to lock |
il brevetto |
patent |
bullonare |
to bolt |
il bullone |
bolt |
il cacciavite (inv) |
screwdriver |
la caldaia |
boiler |
la chiave inglese |
wrench |
il chip di silicio |
silicon chip |
. |
|
.. |
la cinghia |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il combustibile |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il composto |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il congegno |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il cuscinetto a sfera |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il dente |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
d’ingranaggio |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
di facile uso |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il filetto |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la flangia |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
fondere |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il fusibile |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la galvanoplastica |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la gru (inv) |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la guarnizione |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
l’interruttore (m) |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
l’inventario |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
isolare |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
laminare |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la lega |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la lima |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il lotto |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la manovella |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il martello |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il martinetto |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
idraulico |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il martinetto |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
pneumatico |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la mazza |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la mensola |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il modello |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
informatico |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la morsa |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il perno |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il pezzo |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
le pinze |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la pressa |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la pressofusione |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la puleggia |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il punzone |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il rullo |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la ruota dentata |
.. |
|
... |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
il saldatore |
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
la sega elettrica |
.. |
|
. |
|
.. |
|
.. |
|
belt (motor) fuel compound
device, tool, part (of a machine)
ball bearing cog
user-friendly nut
flange to cast
circuit-breaker electroplating crane
gasket
switch, circuit breaker inventory
to insulate
to laminate, to mill alloy
file batch crank hammer
hydraulic jack
pneumatic jack
sledge-hammer bracket computer model
vice
hub, pivot part pliers
pressing machine die-casting pulley
punch roller cogwheel
soldering iron
electric saw, chain-saw