Фитотерапия

ГБОУ ВПО Саратовский ГМУ им. В.И.Разумовского Минздрава России, кафедра иностранных языков Научный руководитель: Храмова Ю.А.

Kashina A.A.,Kozhemyaka K.V.

Herbal Medicine

Saratov State Medical University

The term ‘herbal medicine’ implies that only herbs are used in this form of medicine. In practice, herbal medicine could better be described as a plant based medicine, since it includes the use of all forms of plant life, such as tree bark, roots, flowers etc.

Herbal medicine must be differentiated from conventional medicine, which uses synthetically made chemical versions of natural ingredients to fight disease.

Herbs contain many ingredients, and they may work together to produce a beneficial effect. The effectiveness of a herb is determined by many factors, including the type of environment (climate, soil) in which a plant grew, as well as how and when it was harvested and processed.

The action of a plant is determined by active substances which are contained in its various parts:

•Flavonoids are the most important antioxidants, which protect cells from oxidative processes, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, relieve inflammation and muscle spasms.

•Essential oils. They give plants their unique aromas, and also have antiseptic properties. Inhalation of essential oils has beneficial effect during periods of stress. They also help to stimulate appetite and improve blood circulation.

•Alkaloids are needed to fight with bacteria and fungi.

•Mucus. Mucous substances which are contained in herbs contribute to good intestinal peristalsis and soothe the irritation of the mucous membranes, such as throat, intestines, etc.

•Tannins. These substances contribute to healing of wounds and accelerate the healing of the mucous membranes.

There is an opinion that herbal medicine is absolutely safe and harmless, and can be used without restrictions and medical control. But this carelessness is dangerous, because among medicinal plants, even widely used, there are a lot of poisonous ones. But sometimes their toxicity creates useful action which is determined by an accurate dosage.

There are some advantages and disadvantages associated with herbal medicines as opposed to pharmaceutical products. Advantages of using herbs include: reduced risk of side effects, effectiveness with chronic conditions, lower cost and widespread availability. Disadvantages of herbal medicines include: lack of dosage instructions, lack of legal regulation, interaction with pharmaceutical medications and risk of poisoning.

Key words

herbal medicine, herbs, natural ingredients

Умнова М.С.

Ароматерапия / Aromatherapy

ГБОУ ВПО Саратовский ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского Минздрава России, кафедра иностранных языков Научный руководитель: Юрова И.Ю.

Ароматерапия — разновидность альтернативной медицины, в которой используется воздействие на организм летучих ароматических веществ, получаемых преимущественно из растений. Еще за 2000 лет до нашей эры были известны лечебные свойства эфирных масел. Многие масла обладают антисептическим, противовоспалительным, обезболивающим и даже противовирусным эффектом. Их широко применяют в медицине, психологии, косметологии, парфюмерии, быту. Несмотря на натуральность эфирных масел, необходимо помнить, что они не на 100% безопасны, поэтому использовать их надо с осторожностью. C точки зрения современной классической медицины принципы воздействия эфирных масел на организм человека до сих пор остается загадкой.

Aromatherapy is the use of natural essential oils from concentrated extracts of trees, herbs and flowers for treatment, healing and prevention of disease. Traditionally, aromatherapy has been used to treat a wide range of conditions including stress, anxiety, headaches, asthma, and even cancer. Specific uses include also pain and anxiety reduction, enhancement of energy and short term memory, relaxation, hair loss prevention, and reduction of eczema induced itching. As we live in the stressful 21st century, aromatherapy has become a very popular form of relaxation.

Even though some forms of aromatherapy have been in use for many hundreds of years, there has been little scientific evidence that it actually works. Aromatherapy can be used in a variety of different ways with concentrated plant oils being massaged into the skin, inhaled, or added to bath water. In theory, the smells trigger the limbic system in the brain which is supposed to produce a range of therapeutic effects, from relaxation to pain management.

Although some research has shown positive results, scientific evidence is inconclusive as to how effective alternative aromatherapy medicine is and how much may just be a placebo effect. However, more and more doctors are becoming open to the idea of using alternative therapies in conjunction with medical treatments, and are starting to successfully incorporate both traditional and nontraditional methods into their practices.

Essential oils are not tested or recommended by the likes of the FDA and they are still mostly all natural. However, being all natural does not mean that it is completely safe and it certainly does not make any sort of claim about whether or not the product will work at all for what you are using it for.

Key words

essential oils, aromatherapy, natural, relaxation

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© Бюллетень медицинских Интернет конференций, 2013 www.medconfer.com

ГБОУ ВПО Саратовский ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского Минздрава России, кафедра иностранных языков Научный руководитель: Чижова М.Е.

Chekhonatsky I.A.

Hypnotherapy In Medicine: Subconscious Approach To Healing

Saratov State Medical University

Scientific supervisor: Chizhova M.E.

Данная работа посвящена проблеме гипнотерапии, которая является значительным альтернативным методом лечения. Рассматриваются вопросы развития гипнотерапии, методика проведения, область применения.

Psychological therapy and counselling (or “talking cure”) is the treatment of emotional and psychological disorders, unwanted habits and undesirable feelings, using psychological techniques. There are many forms of psychological therapy but hypnotherapy is distinctive.

The purpose of the survey is to consider hypnotherapy as one of the methods of alternative medicine in treating not only psychological disorders but diseases of vital body organs.

Healing by trance state (or an altered state of awareness) is among the oldest phenomena known to man and is found in virtually every culture throughout the world. The term “hypnosis” was only coined in 1840 by Dr James Braid, a Scottish physician.

Nowadays, the phenomenon of hypnosis is defined as a state of mind, enhanced by mental and physical relaxation, in which subconscious mind is able to communicate with conscious mind. The process of professional training is referred to “Hypnotherapy”. Hypnotherapy is the application of hypnotic techniques to bring therapeutic changes.

A trained therapist guides the patient to remember the event that led to the first reaction, separate the memory from the learned behavior, and replace unhealthy behaviors with new, healthier ones. Like other relaxation techniques, hypnosis lowers blood pressure and heart rate, and changes certain types of brain wave activity. There are several stages of hypnosis: reframing the problem; becoming relaxed, then absorbed (deeply engaged in the words or images presented by a hypnotherapist); dissociating; responding; returning to usual awareness; reflecting on the experience.

Clinical studies have revealed that hypnosis may improve immune function, increase relaxation, decrease stress, and ease pain and feelings of anxiety. Consequently, the list of problems which may be amenable to hypnotherapy includes: panic, phobias, unwanted habits and addictions (e.g. smoking, overeating, alcoholism), high blood pressure, insomnia, asthma, chronic pain, allergies and skin and heart disorders, migraine and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

In conclusion it is worth while noting that throughout the world there are a lot of institutes of hypnosis and associations of hypnotherapists that have approved efficacy of hypnotherapy in medical treatment.

Ключевые слова

гипнотерапия

Евдокимова Т.С., Приходько В.В.

Homeopathy

ГБОУ ВПО Саратовский ГМУ им. В.И.Разумовского Минздрава России, кафедра иностранных языков

Homeopathy is a system of natural medicine developed by a German physician, Samuel Hahnemann, at the end of the 18th century. The main focus of homeopathy is not on the aching part only, but rather on the totality of the individual whose mind, body and spirit are seen as interrelated constituents.

Homeopathy has 4 principles that are its foundation. These principles remain unchanged over the last 200 years.

The cornerstone principle is "like cures like". Homeopathy actually derives its name from the Greek, where “homoeo” means “similar” and “pathos” means “suffering”. Each person shows symptoms of the body /mind /spirit when he/she is sick. Some of these symptoms are common to that sickness, others are characteristic of that person. The homeopathic practitioner matches the symptom picture of the homeopathic remedy to the symptom picture of the person, with particular attention paid to those symptoms which are unique to the individual.

The second principle of homeopathy is “The Single Remedy”. Only one homeopathic remedy is given at any one time.

The third principle of homeopathy is “The Minimum Dose”. Drugs given to individuals in material doses frequently cause side effects or adverse reactions. The homeopath administers the smallest possible dose so as to maximize beneficial effects and minimize side effects.

The fourth principle of homeopathy is “The Potentized Remedy”. Homeopathic remedies, though made from natural substances such as plants, minerals, etc., are manufactured unlike any other medicine. Through a process of serial dilution a very dilute extract is made.

There are many different forms of homeopathic drugs: soft tablet triturates, compressed tablets, medicated pellets, dilutions and topicals.

The main diseases that can be treated with homeopathy are as follows: chronic headaches, asthma, gastritis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, inflammation of the gall bladder, duodenal ulcer, spastic and ulceric colitis, chronic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, phobias and anxiety neuroses, anaemia, etс.

The effectiveness of homeopathic treatment may be proved by meta analysis.Professors of medicine conducted meta analysis of clinical cases in which homeopathic medicines were used. This analysis included 107 controlled trials, 81 of which were indicative of the effectiveness of homeopathic remedies, 24 trials demonstrated its inefficiency, and 2 studies gave an equivocal result. Professors says: "The proportion of positive results came as a surprise." They found that: In 13 of the 19 cases there has been successful treatment of respiratory infections; 6 of 7 cases have demonstrated successful treatment of other infections.

With this in mind, the authors analysis concluded that the data presented in this review would probably be sufficient for the recognition of homeopathy as a standard treatment for certain indications.

Key words

homeopathy, like cures like, minimum dose, meta analysis.

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© Бюллетень медицинских Интернет конференций, 2013 www.medconfer.com