5. Match the words from the left column with their synonyms on the right:

   1. noted	a) understandable
   2. perhaps	b) to stress
   3. to involve	c) therefore
   4. to emphasize	d) to be aware of
   5. intelligible	e) finally
   6. behavior	f) to share
   7. hence	g) possibly
   8. to be conscious of	h) to let
   9. to have in common	i) outstanding
   10. ultimately	j) shortly
   11. to enable	k) to include
   12. in brief	l) conduct
   13. intimately	m) to develop

6. Match the words from the left column with the words of opposite meaning on the right:

   1. written	a) insignificant
   2. within	b) sophisticated
   3. to be present	c) meaningful
   4. remote	d) unimportant
   5. primitive	e) the same way
   6. meaningless	f) oral
   7. vital	g) close
   8. particular	h) to be absent
   9. essential	i) beyond
   10. otherwise	j) general

7. Match the words from the left column with the words on the right. If necessary, use the text.

1. to be conscious	a) the world
2. to distinguish	b) to smb. for smth.
3. to join	c) characteristics
4. to use smth.	d) involved in smth.
5. throughout	e) upon
6. understanding	f) of
7. essential	g) common
8. intimately	h) in new combinations
9. sophisticated	i) smth. from smth.
10. to have in	j) listener
11. to give credit	k) throughout life
12. to have influence	l) thought

8. Match the words from the left column with their definitions on the right:

1. term	a) a human being seen as a distinctive character, an individuality
2. activity	b) not working in the best possibly way, especially not using time, energy and other resources
3. meaningless	c) the state of being a real or living thing, or of being present in a particular place, time or situation
4. parrot	d) all the surrounding things and conditions; the totality of external influences
5. maintenance	e) without any clear purpose or importance, or meaning
6. personality	f) an idea of something that exists or is imagined
7. particular	g) a word or phrase used for referring precisely to something
8. existence	h) specific; not any other
9. inefficient	i) things that people do
10. environment	j) the process of continuing something or keeping it in existence
11. concept	k) a brightly coloured tropical bird that is often kept as a pet and can be taught to say a few words

9. Complete the following sentences, using the text.

1. The term, language, to man’s symbolic communication.

2. Each language symbol has meaning only when understood the system.

3. The meanings of language symbols be shared if effective communication take place.

4. Speech is meaningless it is addressed to an understanding listener.

5. Much of what has been said about words and language to concepts, as well.

6. we speak of men, tables, societies, cultures or systems, the process is the same.

7. Concepts man to classify the objects in his environment.

8. Concepts provide man with the flexibility to see connections things in ways that would be impossible.

10. Describe the meanings of the underlined prefixes and suffixes and translate the following words into Russian:

Combination, clarification, development, meaningless, listener, maintenance, existence, sub-classify, cross-classify, orderly, orderliness.

11. Answer the following questions:

1. Comment on the statement: «Each language symbol has meaning only when understood within the system. »

2. Language symbols are called inherently social. How do you understand this?

3. Give an example of a situation where the meaning of a language symbol is not shared by communicating people. Why can this happen? What are possible consequences?

4. How do language symbols help us talk of things far beyond the limits of «here and now»?

5. What is the difference between a concept and: a) a word, b) a material object?

12. Give the main idea of the text of section

Section III.4. Social interaction (p.48 – p.50)

Words:

exchange

punishment

reward

interaction

capacity

reciprocal

non-face-to-face (a.)

one-to-one (a.)

Phrases:

in turn

to strike back

reciprocal influence

one another’s behavior

a give and take

to engage in interaction

to provide an illustration

labor union

proposal for compromise

the idea behind smth.

to initiate the interaction

to exchange help and approval

conflict situation

social interaction

interactive situation

short duration

meaningful option

to major in a field

satisfactory level

to come to a halt