4. Match the words with their definitions:

   to eradicate to appreciate correlation to be concious of to entail to confuse environment complex device to experience dimension practitioner standpoint inception to be on the verge of to master to emphasise dramatically to embody conjunction service

   to realise, to become aware to be about to do smth root out, totally destroy executor, performer, figure to underline, to stress, to note connection, intercommunication, intercourse, mutual relations origination, beginning to estimate, to consider to mix, to put off point of view, opinion, conviction milieu, entourage, company to grasp, to be adept in, to be skilled at difficult, involved, intricate combination, mixture impressive, exciting, greatly to bring about, to cause to feel, to undergo machine, implement, engine help, assistance aspect, perspective to incarnate, to realise, to personify

5. Match the words from the left column with the words from the right one and make your own sentences with them:

the diversity of the exercise of the emergence of the rise of the practice of the intersection of

nation-state sociology industrial capitalism modes of human existence the sociological imagination two great revolutions

6. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1. Historians are not agreed about dating the origins of Western capitalism as a prevailing mode of economic enterprise; but it is difficult to make a case for placing it further back than the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries in Europe.

2. The past hundred years, the century or so which has seen the world-wide expansion of industrial capitalism, have none the less brought about social changes more shattering in their consequences than any other period in the whole previous history of humankind.

3. The practice of sociology, I argue in this book, demands invoking what C. Wright Mills has aptly called the 'Sociological imagination'.

4. Those of us in the West live in societies that have absorbed the first impact of these changes.

5. Only by such an effort of the imagination, which of course involves an awareness of history, can we grasp just how differently those in the industrialised societies live today from the way people lived in the relatively recent past.

6. But what is really demanded is an attempt at the imaginative reconstruction of the texture of forms of social life that have now been very largely eradicated.

7. Eighteenth-century Britain, the society in which the impact of the industrial revolution was first experienced, was still a society in which the customs of the local community held sway, knit together by the pervading influence of religion.

8. Those living in the West tend to take it for granted that they are all 'citizens' of a particular nation, and no one could fail to be aware of the extensive part which the state (centralised government and local administration) plays in their lives.

9. The 'two great revolutions' have each proved to have ramifications on a world scale.

10. It is unlikely that you yourself will have made your own clothing, constructed your own dwelling, or grown the food you consume.

11. Not only are many of the goods consumed in the West produced on the other side of the world, and to some extent vice versa, but there may be intricate connections among productive processes carried on in widely separated places.

12. For most of its history, humankind has been thinly scattered throughout the world, living in very small societies, and existing by hunting animals and gathering edible plants — so-called 'hunting and gathering' societies.

13. Most of those subject to the rule of the Chinese state lived lives utterly different from those of their rulers, with whom they had little in common with respect to either culture or language.

14. Such evolutionary schemes, however, express an ethnocentrism which it is the task of the sociological imagination to dispell.

15. But we must not confuse the economic and military power of the Western societies, which has allowed them to assume a pre-eminent position in the world, with the highpoint of an evolutionary scheme.

16. The anthropological dimension of the sociological imagination is important because it allows us to appreciate the diversity of modes of human existence which have been followed on this earth.

17. In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality (1755) we find an illuminating insistence upon the idea that, through becoming aware of the dazzling variety of human societies, we can learn better to understand ourselves.

18. 'The whole world,' Rousseau remarked, is covered with societies 'of which we know only the names, yet we dabble in judging the human race!'

19. 'Let us suppose,' he wrote, 'that these new Hercules, back from these memorable expeditions, then wrote at leisure the natural, moral, and political history of what they would have seen; we ourselves would see a new world come from their pens, and we would thus learn to know our own.'

20. Since that time, within a rapidly diminishing universe of study, anthropologists have accumulated a large body of information about different cultures.

21. This information does, on the one hand, confirm the unity of the human race; there are no grounds for holding that people living in small, 'primitive' societies are in any way genetically inferior to or different from those living in supposedly more advanced 'civilisations'.

22. The anthropologist is, as Claude Levi-Strauss, perhaps the most distinguished practitioner of the subject in the world today, has put it, the 'pupil and the witness' of these disappearing peoples.

23. Combining this second sense with the first, the exercise of the sociological imagination makes it possible to break free from the straitjacket of thinking only in terms of the type of society we know in the here and now.

24. But this means we must be conscious of the alternative futures that are potentially open to us.

25. So is nationalism, the feeling of belonging to a distinctive national community, separate from others.