Commentaries and notes:

Harvard - Harvard University, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, oldest institution of higher learning in the U.S. (founded 1636) and one of the nation's most prestigious. The school of law was begun in the early 19^th century, and together with the schools of medicine and business, is particularly prestigious.

Yale - Yale University, private university in New Haven, Connecticut, that was founded in 1701 and is the third oldest university in the U.S. It was originally named the Collegiate School and renamed Yale College in 1718 in honor of the wealthy British merchant and philanthropist, Elihu Yale. A law department became affiliated with the college in 1824. Yale is highly selective in its admissions and is among the nation's most highly rated schools in terms of academic and social prestige.

Columbia - Columbia University, major institution of higher education in New York City. It was founded in 1784 as King's College and renamed Columbia College in 1784 after the American Revolution. Has been less affected by tradition than other private Eastern universities of comparable age and esteem. Has created numerous strong graduate and professional schools and various institutes for research and advanced study that have a cosmopolitan outlook.

Social Register - annually published directory purporting to list the socially prestigious members of society in 13 selected US cities. It is administered and published in New York City by the Social Register Association, which refuses any interviews about its publication and which will not disclose the prerequisites to inclusion. Was founded in 1887 by Louis Keller, a former gossip-sheet publisher.

Wall Street - Street in the southern section of the borough of Manhattan, in New York City, which has been the location of some of the chief financial institutions of the United States. It was named for an earthen wall built by Dutch settlers in 1653 to repel an expected English invasion. Even before the American Civil War W. S. was recognized as the financial capital of the nation. The W. S. district contains the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, investment banks, government and municipal securities dealers, trust companies, the Federal Reserve Bank, many headquarters of utilities and insurance companies, and the International Cotton, Coffee, Sugar, Cocoa, and Commodity Exchanges. The district is the headquarters of many of the country's brokerage firms.

Once in office, ... (p. 112) - Варианты перевода: а) "С момента вступления в должность..."; б) "Как только они вступают в должность...".

... | the majority of these being stationed in major countries |. (p. 110) - независимый причастный оборот (см. Грамматика: раздел "Герундий - Причастие").

To the extent to which those who are selected... (p. 111) - вариант перевода: "В той мере, в которой те, кто...".

... because following ¹ this policy enhances ² legitimacy. (p. 111) - 1) подлежащее, выраженное герундием (см. Грамматика: раздел "Герундий - Причастие"), 2) сказуемое.