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5.3. Answer the following questions:

1. What can we find to the north of the line?

2. What can we find to the south of the line?

3. Which range of mountains is known as the backbone of England?

5.4. Listen to the second part and take notes about the following areas and places.

the South West

the South East

East Anglia

the Midlands

the North West Wales

the North East Scotland

Ireland

  1. Виконання квізів.

7. Робота з текстом за фахом.

8. Самостійне опрацювання:

- підготуйтесь до диктанту (вивчить лексику до тексту «Great Britain»);

- опрацюйте текст за фахом;

виконайте тренувальну граматичну вправу;

  • опрацюйте опорний текст «Government in Great Britain».

Тренувальна вправа.

Fill the gaps with the appropriate adjectives after the example:

For example: The composer got fare fame for his composition. He became famous.

1. The story was full of humour. It was really … .

2. The man fought with all his courage. He was a … soldier.

3. They were in danger because the situation was very … .

4. I liked the melody of the song. This composer’s songs are very … .

5. The children have been reading a mystery novel. The book was … .

6. These mushrooms contain a deadly poison. They are … .

7. His life is full of adventures. It is very … .

Текст Government in Great Britain

1. Review the following words: authority влада; constitutional monarchyконституційна монархія; successionправо на спадщину; hereditaryспадковий; descentпоходження; neutral нейтральний; executiveвиконавча; legislativeзаконодавча; dissolving ; sovereignмонарх; to be crownedбути коронованим; peer пер; councilрада; court of appealсуд; suffrage право голосу; electionвибори; security- безпека; government уряд; compulsoryобов΄язковий; to voteголосувати; constituency виборчий округ; welfareдобробут, соціальне забезпечення.

  1. Read and translate the text.

In theory, the constitution has three branches:

1. Parliament, which makes laws.

2. Government, which puts the laws into effect.

3. Law courts, which interpret the laws. Although the Queen is officially head of all three branches, she has little direct power.

Parliament is the most important authority in Britain. Parliament first met in the 13th century. Britain does not have a written constitution, but a set of laws. In 1689 Mary ІІ and William ІІІ became the first constitutional monarchs. They could rule only with the support of the Parliament. Technically Parliament is made up of three parts: The Monarch, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

The continuity of the English monarchy has been interrupted only once during the Cromwell republic. Succession to the throne is hereditary but only for Protestants in the direct line of descent. Formally the monarch has a number of roles. The monarch is expected to be politically neutral, and should not make political decisions. Nevertheless, the monarch still performs some important executive and legislative duties opening and dissolving Parliament, signing bills passed by both Houses and fulfilling international duties as head of state. The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth ІІ who was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1953.

The House of Lords comprises about 1,200 peers. The house is presided over by the Lord Chancellor. The House of Lords has no real power but acts as an advisory council for the House of Commons. As well as having legislative functions, the Lords is the highest court of appeal.

The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament who are elected by the adult suffrage of the British people in general elections which are held at least every five years. The country is divided into 650 constituencies each of which elects one Member of Parliament. The Commons, therefore, has 650 Members of Parliament. The party which wins the most seats forms the Government and its leader becomes the Prime Minister. The functions of Commons are legislation and security of government activities. The house is presided over by the Speaker. The government party sits on the Speaker’s right while on his left sit the members of the Opposition.

The Parliamentary System

General elections are by secret ballot, but voting is not compulsory in Britain. British, Commonwealth and Irish Republic citizens may all vote provided they are resident in Britain, aged 18 or over, registered in a constituency and not subject to disqualification (for example, certain mentally ill patients and persons convicted of corrupt or illegal election practices). Each political party puts up one candidate for each constituency and the one who wins the most votes is elected MP for that area.

The Political Parties

Thanks to the British electoral system there are few political parties in Britain. The main ones are: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party and the Liberal Social Democratic Alliance. The Conservative Party mainly represents the middle and upper classes, but a sizeable percentage or skilled and unskilled workers have always voted Conservative. The Conservative party has been in power since 1979 and its present leader is John Major who took over from Margaret Thatcher when she resigned in November 1990. The Labour Party has traditionally gathered its support from the Trade Unions, the working class and some middle class backing. Its policies are nationalization and the welfare state. The Liberal Social Democratic Alliance are dissatisfied with both the main parties and are critical of the election system.

The Prime Minister

When the leader of the party who wins the elections is made Prime Minister, his first job is to choose his cabinet consisting of the most important ministers in the government. The Prime Minister usually sits in the Commons, as do, most of the ministers, where they may all by questioned and held accountable for government actions and decisions. The Prime Minister usually takes policy decisions with the agreement of the Cabinet.