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George Washington

George Washington is the first President of the USA.

He was born in Westmoreland County, on a farm, later known as Wakefield, on February 11, 1732, according to the Old Style or February 22, 1732 (the New Style). His first American ancestor, John Washington, came to Virginia from England in 1657. These immigrant's descendants remained in the colony and gained a respected place in society. Farming, land buying, trading and the iron industry were means by which the family rose in the world. George's father, Augustine, had four children by his first wife and six by Ms second wife, Mary Ball, George's mother.

Shortly after his twenty-second birthday, Washington served in the army of King George Ш of England and was put in command of soldiers. The French started settling on Bri­tish territory and turning local Indians against the British co­lonists. Later, in the war against the French and Indians, Washington commanded large troops of soldiers and showed courage that inspired his soldiers.

After a colonial rebellion against taxes, passed in Boston in 1773, colonies began insist on their freedom and it helped to spark the American Revolution. Washington led and encouraged his inexperienced armies against well-armed and trained British forces. The Revolution lasted for eight years until the colonies won their independence.

After the war, Washington took a leading part in the making of the Constitution and the campaign for its ratification. Its success was assured by 1797, at the end of the second term of his presidency. In 1799, the country included nearly all its present-day territory between the Atlantic coast and the Mis­sissippi River.

By the end of 1795, Washington's creative work had been done.

When Washington retired from public life in 1797, his homeland was vastly different from what it had been when he entered public service in 1749. To each of the principal changes he had made an outstanding contribution. Largely because of his leadership, the Thirteen Colonies had become the United States, a sovereign, independent nation, nation that in the end of 20th and beginning of 21st century would become the most powerful state in the world.

3. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian or Ukrainian and make up sentences with them:

the district, the government department buildings, the majority of the inhabitants, gazes towards, to the memory of, is made of, ride up in the elevator, is devoted to, the future generation, inexperienced armies, an outstanding contribution.

4. Write the following sentences in the negative and in the interrogative.

1. Washington is often called the city of the underprivileged and poor Blacks.

2. Now Washington occupies the territory of about 160 square kilometres.

3. There are 80 movies in the capital.

4. Washington has one of the most up-to-date subways.

5. Numbered streets run from north to south, lettered streets run from east to west.

5. Put the question to the bold type word or expression.

1. On the bank of the Potomac river the Arlington National Cemetery lies.

2. Washington doesn't produce anything, except government laws.

3. On a clear day you can see splendid views of the city, Maryland and Virginia states.

4. It was the gift of the English scientist who never visited America.

5. Inside the Pentagon yard there is a subway station and two helicopter pads.

6. Make up the plan and retell the texts.

7. Role play the following situations.

1. You haven’t been to Washington and your friend has just returned from it. Ask him to tell you about the city you are going to visit.

2. You have just returned from Washington. Invite your friends to visit you at home and tell them about Washington. Answer their questions.

3. A group of Ukrainian students are met by American students in Washington. Meeting at the airport (greetings, questions of the flight, weather, invitations).

Питання для самоконтролю.

1. Перевірте розуміння змісту тексту за допомогою питань:

What is the capital of the USA?

Where is Washington situated?

Is Washington the largest city in the USA?

Why is Washington often called the city of Blacks?

Whose honour was the capital named in?

What does Washington produce?

Which governmental law is well–known to all the visitors of Washington?

What do you know about the Smithsonian Institution?

Is the US Military Department situated in the very heart of the city?

Which is the highest stone monument in the capital?

Where was George Washington born?

Where did Washington's ancestor come from?

What kind of soldier was Washington?

2. Перевірка засвоєння лексичного мінімуму за темою: “ Washington is the Capital of the United States of America”.

3. Перевірка розуміння змісту тексту за фахом за допомогою запитань або виконання завдань до тексту.

4. Перевірте засвоєння лексико–граматичного матеріалу шляхом виконання тестових завдань до модуля 4.1.