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1. Answer the following questions

  1. How old is Moscow's Tretyakov Gallery?

  1. Who was the founder of the largest collection of Russian pictorial art?

  1. What did Tretyakov collect at first?

  1. Whom was Tretyakov personally connected with?

  2. When was the construction of a special hail begun for Tretykov paintings?

  3. How many people visit the Gallery?

  4. Has the gallery got a special auditorium where research workers lecture on the works of classic Russian painters, sculptors and graphic artists?

  5. What is the Tretyakov Gallery now?

9. Where is scientific work conducted in?

2. Make up the plan of the text.

3. Speak about Pavel Michailovich Tretyakov.

4. Speak on each point of the plan by 2-3 sentences.

5. Give a summary of this text.

A BRITISH PAINTER AND A RUSSIAN SCIENTIST

The first ever Turner exhibition in the former USSR (oils and water-colours from British art galleries) at Moscow's Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts was devoted to the 200th anniversary of Turner's birth (1775-1851).

When one looks at his wonderful paintings, one cannot help thinking about another man – the great Russian naturalist Kliment Timiryazev. He first saw Turner's work in reproduction, and later he went to see his pictures every time he was in England. "Probably", Timiryazev said, "there is some sort of an inner connection between the logic of the explorer of nature and aesthetic feelings of those who love nature's beauty".

That is why, even though being very busy with his research, Timiryazev, already well advanced in years, decided to translate the book of an English art critic C.L. Hind, "Turner".

Having a deep understanding of the English painter he also wrote a long preface to the book "Natural Science and the Landscape" which is important from the scientific point of view and added his own comments to the book expressing his own opinion and disagreeing with the author.

The translation published in Russia in 1910 was a good present to Russian readers. It was reprinted in Timiryazev's collected works published in 1940.

Timiryazev, who spent his life solving the great mystery – the role of sunlight in the synthesis of living plant tissue, which means the mystery of life on earth in general, – was interested in Turner all his life. For light and colour were for Timiryazev in biology what they are for a painter in art. The study of these factors has led to new revelations both in botany and art.

Timiryazev was inspired in translating the book by his interest in Russian art in general and, above all, in landscape painting, because he agreed with Dmitry Mendeleyev, the outstanding Russian chemist, that "the study of outer nature helps in making correct assessments of even the inner nature of man".

1. Agree or disagree.

  1. Having a deep understanding of the English painter he also wrote a long preface to the book "Turner".

  1. The translation published in Russia in 1912 was a good present to Russian readers.

  1. The first ever Turner exhibition in the country at St. Petersburg's Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts was devoted to the 200th anniversary of Turner's birth.

  2. Timiryazev first saw Turner's work in reproduction, and later he went to see his pictures every time he was in England.