Vocabulary

acquittal

actual incarceration additional time appropriate term automatic firearms be convicted (for) be eligible (for) commission of the crime credit for good behavior credit for jail time criminal history criminal offense degree of crime drug abuse drug trafficking early release earned time credit enhancement enhancement of penalty equipped with silencer firearms general outline good behavior imprison imprisonment indeterminate sentence maximum term in prison

ENGLISH - UKRAINIAN

виправдання (у справі) фактичне ув’язнення додатковий строк відповідний строк автоматична зброя бути засудженим (за) підлягати вчинення злочину

залік часу ув’язнення за добру поведінку

залік часу, проведеного у в’язниці

кримінальне минуле

кримінальний злочин

ступінь тяжкості злочину

вживання наркотиків

розповсюдження наркотиків

дострокове звільнення

пільги

посилення

посилення покарання

обладнаний глушником

вогнепальна зброя

загальне уявлення

гарна поведінка

ув’язнювати

ув’язнення

невизначений вирок

максимальний термін ув’язнення

minimum term in prison parole

Parole Board

penalty

probation

provide an outline

provision

range of penalties

reduce the term

rehabilitative program

repeat offender

scale

sentence to a minimum term sentence to the statutory maximum term

sentencing sentencing law serve (the term) severe statutory

statutory maximum term statutory term strict liability strict penalty tailor penalties threaten the use time credit

time off for good behavior treatment of offenders under certain circumstances мінімальний термін ув’язнення звільняти (умовно-достроково) під чесне слово Рада з питань умовно-дострокового звільнення покарання

пробація (вид умовного звільнення під нагляд)

викладати загальну систему

положення (документа тощо)

коло покарань

зменшити строк

реабілітаційна програма

рецидивіст

градуювати

засуджувати на мінімальний термін засуджувати на максимальний термін, передбачений законом винесення вироків

закон, що регулює винесення вироків відбувати (строк покарання) суворий

визначений законом

максимальний строк, передбачений законом

встановлений законом строк

сувора відповідальність

суворе покарання

визначити покарання

погрожувати застосувати (насилля тощо)

пільгове скорочення терміну ув’язнення

скорочення строку за гарну поведінку

ставлення до правопорушників

за певних обставин

UKRAINIAN - ENGLISH

автоматична зброя

бути засудженим (за)

вживання наркотиків

визначений законом

визначити покарання

викладати загальну систему

винесення вироків

виправдання (у справі)

відбувати (строк покарання)

відповідний строк

вогнепальна зброя

встановлений законом строк

вчинення злочину

гарна поведінка

градуювати

додатковий строк

дострокове звільнення

залік часу ув’язнення за добру поведінку

за певних обставин

загальне уявлення

закон, що регулює винесення вироків залік часу, проведеного у в’язниці засуджувати на максимальний термін, передбачений законом automatic firearms

be convicted (for)

drug abuse

statutory

tailor penalties

provide an outline

sentencing

acquittal

serve (the term)

appropriate term

firearms

statutory term

commission of the crime

good behavior

scale

additional time

early release

credit for good behavior

under certain circumstances

general outline

sentencing law

credit for jail time

sentence to the statutory maximum term

засуджувати на мінімальний термін	sentence to a minimum term
звільняти (умовно-достроково) під чесне слово	parole
зменшити строк	reduce the term
коло покарань	range of penalties
кримінальне минуле	criminal history
кримінальний злочин	criminal offense
максимальний строк, передбачений законом	statutory maximum term
максимальний термін ув’язнення	maximum term in prison
мінімальний термін ув’язнення	minimum term in prison
невизначений вирок	indeterminate sentence
обладнаний глушником *	equipped with silencer
підлягати	be eligible (for)
пільги	earned time credit
пільгове скорочення терміну ув’язнення	time credit
погрожувати застосувати (насилля тощо)	threaten the use
покарання	penalty
положення (документа тощо)	provision
посилення	enhancement
посилення покарання	enhancement of penalty
пробація (вид умовного звільнення під нагляд)	probation
Рада з питань умовно-дострокового звільнення	Parole Board
реабілітаційна програма	rehabilitative program
рецидивіст	repeat offender
розповсюдження наркотиків	drug trafficking
скорочення строку за гарну поведінку	time off for good behavior
ставлення до правопорушників	treatment of offenders
ступінь тяжкості злочину	degree of crime
сувора відповідальність	strict liability
суворе покарання	strict penalty
суворий	severe
ув’язнення	imprisonment
ув’язнювати	imprison
фактичне ув’язнення	actual incarceration

1. Work in pairs. ‘Actual incarceration’ is ‘imprisonment’. Do you think the imprisonment term can be reduced? How?

2. Read the text below and answer the questions in exercise 1 again.

Some felonies carry indeterminate sentences, but also carry the requirement that the minimum term of the sentence be served in actual incarceration. Under this requirement, the offender must actually serve the minimum term in prison. Where an offender is sentenced to an indeterminate sentence which carries the requirement of actual incarceration, the judge selects the appropriate minimum term and the statutory maximum term. However, the offender is sentenced to actual incarceration for the minimum term. Thus, the offender is sentenced to, for example, “6 to 15 years”, with the six years (minimum term) to be served in actual incarceration”. The minimum term cannot be suspended. It cannot be reduced by probation, supershock probation, parole, shock parole, etc. It can be reduced only by credit for jail time and credit for time off for good behavior. Once the term of actual incarceration is served, the sentence assumes the general characteristics of an indeterminate sentence. For example, the Parole Board can - after the term of actual incarceration and the minimum term are served - exercise its powers and determine if and when the offender should be paroled. Actual incarceration is required where the offender is found guilty of an aggravated felony of the first, second, or third degree and it is proven that he was previously convicted of the aggravated murder; murder; an aggravated felony of the first, second, or third degree; or an offense substantially equivalent to aggravated murder, murder, or an aggravated felony of the first, second, or third degree.

3. Explain the following words and word combinations from the text.

Requirement; minimum term of the sentence; be served; actual incarceration; under the requirement; offender; actually serve the term in prison; be sentenced to; carry the requirement; select; appropriate; statutory maximum term; minimum term; be suspended; be reduced by probation; supershock probation; parole; shock parole; credit for jail time; credit for time off; credit for good behavior; term of actual incarceration is served; sentence; assume; general characteristics; Parole Board; exercise one’s powers; determine; be paroled; be found guilty of; an aggravated felony of the first degree; be previously convicted of; aggravated murder; offense; substantially equivalent to.

ACTUAL INCARCERATION IN INDETERMINATE SENTENCES
What is actual incarceration?
How should the minimum term be served?
Can the minimum term be suspended?
What is 'probation’, ‘supershock probation’, ‘parole’, ‘shock parole’?
How can the minimum term be reduced?
What is ‘credit for jail time’?
What is ‘credit for good behavior?
When can the offender be paroled?
When is actual incarceration compulsory?

5. Listen to the text on actual incarceration as an enhancement of penalty. Fill in the missing words. You will hear the text twice.

The Criminal Code provides another kind of (1) incarceration as an enhancement of

(2) for committing any felony while having a firearm, an automatic

3. , or a firearm equipped with a silencer on his person. This (4) is applicable only

where the sentence for the underlying felony is a life sentence or an indefinite (5).

Where an offender is convicted for any felony and it is proven that the (6) had a

firearm on or about his person when committed the felony, and where the sentence imposed is a

life sentence, the (7) must sentence the offender to an additional three-year term of

actual (8). Where the firearm is an automatic firearm or equipped with a

(9), the mandatory sentence is six-year (10) of actual incarceration.

Actual incarceration based upon the use of a firearm, an automatic firearm, or a firearm

(11) with a silencer, must be (12) before and separate from any other

incarceration, including another actual incarceration, for the underlying (13). It

cannot be served concurrently, that is, at the same time as the incarceration for the

14. offense. These offenses are common offenses and many of them are subject to

15. , that is the offenses and penalties become more serious because of the offender’s

(16) history or because of the monetary value of the item or service which was

(17) taken or used.

5. Explain the following words and word combinations from the text.

Actual incarceration; enhancement of penalty; commit a felony; automatic firearm; equipped with a silencer; enhancement is applicable; underlying felony; life sentence; indefinite sentence; offender is convicted; it is proven; imposed sentence; additional three-year term; mandatory sentence; serve two terms concurrently; common offenses; subject to enhancement; offender’s criminal history; monetary value; item or service; illegally taken.

ACTUAL INCARCERATION AS AN ENHANCEMENT OF PENALTY
When is actual incarceration used as an enhancement of penalty?
When is this enhancement applicable?
What is the additional term for having a firearm on one’s person when committing a felony?
What is the additional term for having an automatic firearm on one’s person when committing a felony?
What is the additional term for having a firearm equipped with a silencer on one’s person when committing a felony?
Can this additional term for having a firearm when committing a felony be served concurrently with another term?
What are the other reasons for penalties enhancement?

8. 

   Work in pairs. Read the text below. In most lines there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. For each numbered line 1-15 find this word and correct it. Some lines may be all right. The exercise begins with an example (0). Example: 0 -

application (not applicating).

HE LETTER . 1

OF THE LAW 1

PREFACE 8

MODULE 1 14

THE SHIP OF STATE NEVER SLOWS DOWN IN A FOG 14

LESSON 1. GOVERNMENT IS KNOWN BY THE COUNTRY IT KEEPS 14

LESSON 2 A SUCCESSFUL EXECUTIVE DELEGATES ALL RESPONSIBILITY 67

MODULE 2 186

THE RULE OF LAW 186

LESSON 1. THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND 186

module з і 361

THE TIMES OF TRIAL 361

LESSON 2. EVIDENCE IS NOT ALWAYS PROOF 382

LESSON 3. EXPERT’S REPUTATION IS RASED ON WNAT OTHERS DO NOT KNOW 403

LESSON 4. OUR DECISION IS ‘MAYBE’ - AND THAT’S FINAL 426

TIME IS MONEY, BUT NOT IN JAIL 466

LESSON 1. OFFENSIVE MATERIALS 466