Vocabulary english - ukrainian

abolition

accept

appeal to the court

appreciate

assess

assessment

assign

Authorized Human Rights Representative of

Verkhovna Rada (Ombudsman)

bearer

belief

bring in

catalogue

challenge in court

circumscription

clause

Commission of the Council of Europe

constitutionality

content

current version defense

delegation of power скасування

погоджуватися

оскаржувати у суді

високо оцінювати

оцінювати

оцінка

призначати

Уповноважений Верховної Ради України

з прав людини

носій

переконання

запроваджувати

список

оскаржувати в суді обмеження (прав, влади) пункт(документа)

Європейська комісія Ради Європи

конституційність

зміст

чинний варіант (текст) захист

делегування повноважень

гідність

dignity

diminish

disparity

effective

empowerment

enactment

essence

exclusive right

exclusively

exhaustive

existing

extraordinary

following

foresee

foreword

hierarchically

illegality

imply

in force

in response to

inactivity

inalienable

indivisibility

influential

introduce to

inviolability

inviolable

involvement

issue a ruling on

legality

linguistic characteristics

measure

modify

municipal authorities

obligation

observance

on the grounds

ordinary

orientation

owner

place of residence plebiscite preamble precise

prescriptive law

privilege property status provision public policy public servant recognize regulatory relating to repugnancy request for

зменшувати(ся)

невідповідність

дійовий

надання повноважень запровадження закону суть

виключне/монопольне право

виключно

вичерпний

існуючий

надзвичайний

наступний

передбачати

передмова

ієрархічно

незаконність

значити

чинний

відповідаючи на

бездіяльність

невідчужуваний

неподільність

впливовий

вносити на обговорення непорушність

непорушний (договір і т. ін.) участь

видати постанову/ рішення суду

законність

мовні ознаки

критерій

видозмінювати

органи місцевого самоврядування обов’язок

додержання (законів тощо)

на підставі

звичайний

спрямованість

власник

місце проживання плебісцит преамбула чіткий

закон, що базується на праві давності або

звичаї

привілей

майновий стан

положення (документа)

державна політика

державний службовець

визнаний

регулятивний

що стосується

непослідовність

запит

required	необхідний
resolve issues	вирішувати питання
restriction	обмеження
rule (n)	норма права
rule (v)	встановлювати норму права
safeguard	захищати
security	безпека
settle	залагоджувати (проблему тощо)
state	заявляти
strike down	опротестовувати
submit	подавати на розгляд
transitional	перехідний
trend	спрямованість
ultimate	остаточний
valid	чинний
Venice Commission	Венеціанська комісія
willingness	добровільність
UKRAINIAN	- ENGLISH
бездіяльність	inactivity
безпека	security
Венеціанська комісія	Venice Commission
видати постанову/рішення суду	issue a ruling on
видозмінювати	modify
визнаний	recognize
виключне/монопольне право	exclusive right
виключно	exclusively
вирішувати питання	resolve issues
високо оцінювати	appreciate
вичерпний	exhaustive
відповідаючи на	in response to
власник	owner
вносити на обговорення	introduce to
впливовий	influential
встановлювати норму права	rule
гідність	dignity
делегування повноважень	delegation of power
державна політика	public policy
державний службовець	public servant
дійовий	effective
добровільність	willingness
додержання (законів тощо)	observance
Європейська комісія Ради Європи	Commission of the Council of Eun
закон, що базується на праві давності або звичаї	prescriptive law
законність	legality
залагоджувати (проблему тощо)	settle
запит	request for
запровадження закону	enactment
запроваджувати	bring in
захист	defense
захищати	safeguard
заявляти	state
звичайний	ordinary
зменшувати(ся)	diminish

ЗМІСТ

значити ієрархічно існуючий конституційність критерій майновий стан місце проживання мовні ознаки на підставі

надання повноважень

надзвичайний

наступний

невідповідність

невідчужуваний

незаконність

необхідний

неподільність

непорушний (договір тощо)

непорушність

непослідовність

норма права

носій

обмеження (прав, влади)

обов’язок

опротестовувати

органи місцевого самоврядування

оскаржувати в суді

остаточний

оцінка

оцінювати

передбачати

передмова

переконання

перехідний

плебісцит

погоджуватися

подавати на розгляд

положення (документа)

преамбула

привілей

призначати

пункт (документа)

регулятивний

скасування

список

спрямованість

суть

тенденція

Уповноважений Верховної Ради України

з прав людини

участь

чинний

чинний варіант (текст) чіткий

що стосується content

imply

hierarchically

existing

constitutionality

measure

property status

place of residence

linguistic characteristics

on the grounds

empowerment

extraordinary

following

disparity

inalienable

illegality

required

indivisibility

inviolable

inviolability

repugnancy

rule

bearer

restriction; circumscription

obligation

strike down

municipal authorities

challenge in court; appeal to the court

ultimate

assessment

assess

foresee

foreword

belief

transitional

plebiscite

accept

submit

provision

preamble

privilege

assign

clause

regulatory

abolition

catalogue

orientation

essence

trend

Authorized Human Rights Representative of

Verkhovna Rada (Ombudsman)

involvement

in force; valid

current version

precise

relating to

1. LESSON 2. DON’T JUMP TO JUDGMENT UNTIL JUDGMENT DAY

   Work in pairs. Make a list of the types of courts you can expect in the US court system. Listen to other students’ ideas and add them to your list.

2. Work in pairs. In the text below find the synonyms and antonyms of the words in the box.

concerning develop authority replace petition agreement proclaim diplomat lawsuit conference preserve lower close down representative

create include economic failure existing participant authorize

disagreement beginning prepare

One of three branches of federal government, the judiciary, consists of a system of courts spread throughout the country and headed by the Supreme Court of the United States. A system of state courts had existed before the Constitution was drafted. There was considerable controversy among the delegates to the Constitutional Convention as to whether a federal court system was needed and whether it should supplant the state courts. As in other matters under debate, the delegates reached a compromise in which the state courts continued their jurisdiction while the Constitution mandated a federal judiciary with limited power. Article III of the Constitution states the basis for the federal court system: “The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.”

The Federal Court System. With this guide, the first Congress divided the nation into districts and created federal courts for each district. From that beginning the present structure has evolved: the Supreme Court, 13 courts of appeals, 94 district courts, and two courts of special jurisdiction. Congress today retains the power to create and abolish federal courts, as well as to determine the number of judges in federal judiciary system. Congress cannot, however, abolish the Supreme Court. The judicial power extends to cases arising under the Constitution, an act of Congress, or a treaty of the United States, cases affecting ambassadors, ministers and consuls of the foreign countries in the United States, controversies in which the U.S. government is a party, controversies between the states (or their citizens) and foreign nations (or their citizens or subjects), and bankruptcy cases.

3. For questions 1-18, read the text below and then decide which word best fits each space. The exercise begins with an example (0).

The (0) of the federal courts (1) both to civil actions for damages and

other redress, and to criminal cases arising under (2) law. Article III (3)

a complex set of relationships between state and federal courts. Ordinarily, federal courts do not

hear cases arising under the laws of individual states. The (4) safeguards

(5) independence by providing that judges hold office “during good behaviour” - in

practice, until they die, retire, or (6). Although a (7) who commits an

offence while in office may be impeached in the same way as president or other officials of the

federal (8). U.S. judges are (9) by the president and confirmed by the

Senate. Congress also (10) the pay scale of judges. The 11^th Amendment

(11) from federal (12) cases in which (13) of one state are

plaintiffs and the government or another state is the defendant. It did not disturb federal

jurisdiction in (14) in which the state government is a plaintiff, and a citizen of

another (15) is the defendant. However, some cases over which federal (16)

have jurisdiction may also be heard and (17) by state courts. Both court (18)

thus have exclusive jurisdiction in some areas and concurrent jurisdiction in others.

0	A. power	B. strength	C. weight	D. supremacy
1	A. extends	B. spreads	C. disseminates	D. distributes
2	A. state	B. county	C. federal	D. supreme
J	A. declares	B. determines	C. dictates	D. states
4	A. federal law	B. Constitution	C. act of Congress	D. executive act
5	A. public	B. judicial	C. court	D. legal
6	A. resign	B. revoke	C. delegate	D. suspend
7	A. lawyer	B. justice	C. judge	D. advocate
8	A. power	B. government	C. administration	D. department
9	A. appointed	B. delegated	C. ordered	D. elected
10	A. states	B. decides	C. determines	D. declares
11	A. takes out	B. eliminates	C. dismisses	D. removes
12	A. competence	B. power	C. jurisdiction	D. judicature
13	A. subjects	B. inhabitants	C. residents	D. citizens
14	A. case	B. affair	C. business	D. work
15	A. cities	B. states	C. countries	D. towns
16	A. courts	B. trials	C. tribunals	D. judgments
17	A. settled	B. thought over	C. decided	D.resolved
18	A. outline	B. scheme	C. structure	D. system

4. Listen to the text on the US Supreme Court of and fill in the gaps in the text below. You will hear the text twice.

THE SUPREME COURT

The Supreme Court is the (1) court of the United States, and the only one (2)

(3) by the Constitution. A decision of the Supreme Court cannot be (4) to any

other court. Congress has (5) to fix the number of (6) sitting on the Court

and, within limits, (7) what kind of cases it may (8), but it cannot change the

powers (9) the Supreme Court by the Constitution itself. The Constitution is (10)

on the qualification forjudges. There is no requirement that judges be (11), although,

in fact, all federal judges and Supreme Court (12) have been members of the (13).

The Supreme Court (14) a chief justice and eight (15) justices. The

(16) justice is the (17) officer of the Court but, in (18)

cases, has only one (19), as do the associate justices. The Supreme Court has

(20) jurisdiction in only two kinds of cases: those involving (21)

dignitaries and those in which a state is a (22). All other cases ' (23) the

Court on appeal from (24) courts.

Of the several thousand cases (25) annually, the Court usually hears only about

150. Most of the cases (26) interpretation of the law or of the intent of Congress in

(27) a piece of legislation. A (28) amount of work of the Supreme

Court, however, consists of (29) whether legislation or executive acts (30)

to the Constitution. Decisions of the Court need not be (31); a simple majority

prevails, provided at least six justices - the (32) quorum - participate in decision. In

split decisions, the Court usually - (33) a majority and a (34) - or

dissenting - opinion both of which may form the basis for future decisions by the Court. Often

justices will (35) separate concurring (36) when they agree with

decision, but for (37) other than those (38) by the majority.

5. Use pronouns instead of nouns in italics in the text below wherever possible. There is an example at the beginning (0).

1. 

   Let Jack translate these articles. ч Let him translate them.

N. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

\ Dred Scott was a slave. John Emerson was Scott's owner. ^ j J. Emerson took D.Scott from Missouri, a state that allowed slavery, P j to Illinois, where slavery was prohibited. Several years later Scott gljf returned to Missouri with Emerson. Scott believed that because W Scott lived in a free state, Scott should no longer be considered a slave.

Emerson died in 1843, and three years later Scott sued Emerson's widow for Scott's freedom. Scott won his case in a Missoury court in 1850, but in 1852 the state supreme court reversed the lower court's decision. Meanwhile, Mrs.Emerson remarried, and Scott became the legal property of Mrs.Emerson's brother, John Sanford (misspelled as Sandford in courts records/ Scott sued Sandford for Scott's freedom in a federal court, and the court ruled against Scott in 1854.

When the case went to the Supreme Court, the justices ruled that Scott did not become a free man by virtue of having lived in a free state and that, as a black man, Scott was not a citizen and therefore was not entitled to bring suit in a court of law. The decision was widely criticized, and it contributed to the election of Abraham Lincoln, who opposed slavery, as president in 1860 and hastened the start of the Civil War in 1861 .Dred Scott v. Sandford was overturned by the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery in 1865, and the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship to former slaves in 1868.

6. Work in pairs. Choose the correct pronoun form in the following sentences.

2. I forgot to call at the court though I had reminded me / myself about it all day long.

3. Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves / them.

4. I lost control over me / myself and started laughing.

5. Has she accepted him / his proposal?

6. I was never less alone than when by itself / myself.

7. Don't make you yourselves / yourself & mouse or the cat will eat you.

8. Roll my log, and I will roll yourself/ yours.

9. The court prides itself/ himself on fair trial.

10. More help is needed for people like ourselves / us.

11. Scott sued Emerson's widow himself /him.

7. Work in pairs. Fill in the table below on the basis of exercises 1-5. Then use the table to tell your partner everything you know about the US Court System.

I SYSTEM OF US COURTS
The state courts/federal courts controversy
The basis for the federal court system
- * FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM ; ’
| Amount of Supreme Courts
Amount of courts of appeals
Amount of district courts
Amount of courts of special jurisdiction
Congress can
Congress cannot
Cases the judicial power extends to
FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM VS STATE COURT SYSTEM
Which cases do the federal courts hear?
Which cases the federal courts do not hear?
How long do federal judges hold office?
What happens if a judge commits an offence?
Who appoints federal judges?
і Who confirms federal judges’ appointments?
Who determines the federal judges’ pay scale?	|
What is the 11th Amendment about?
Can state courts hear federal cases?
^ US SUPREME COURT -
Congress’ powers as to the Supreme Court
Congress can not
Requirements for federal and Supreme Court judge
Number of Supreme Court Judges
Types of cases the Supreme Court hears
How are decisions at the Supreme Court made?

8. At home compare and contrast the US state and federal court systems. In which ways are they similar and in which different? Don’t give separate descriptions of each Constitution. You may use the clues in the boxes below as well as the text on the US district courts and courts of appeals. See also: Opinion Essays in the Recommendations on Creative Writing Work.