- •He letter .
- •Передмова
- •Checks and balances
- •System of government in britain
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from the text above.
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from the text above.
- •I think that... In my opinion... To my mind,... I believe that... I can't be certain, but I think... Personally, I feel that...
- •Vocabulary КонгресEnglish - ukrainian
- •Конгрес
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •8. You will hear the speaker talking about the way bills become laws in Ukraine. Listen to the text twice and then describe the legislative procedure using the scheme below.
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Legislative powers of the president
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Department of defense
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •Royal prerogative
- •In the text below find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Privy council
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Exemplifying
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from the text above.
- •Executive-Legislative Relations in us and European Models
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Political parties in the usa
- •The republican party
- •Describing past habits
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Elections in the usa
- •Presidential elections
- •Congressional elections
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •I think that... In my opinion ... To my mind, ... I believe that... I can't be certain, but I think ... Personally, I feel that... I could be wrong, but I think ... I personally think ...
- •If you want to know what I think, ... Not everybody will agree with me, but...
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Asking for explanations
- •Giving explanations
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word
- •General elections
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •I think that... In my opinion ... To my mind,... I believe that... I can't be certain, but I think ... Personally, I feel that... I could be wrong, but I think ... I personally think ...
- •If you want to know what I think,... Not everybody will agree with me, but...
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Elections in ukraine
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •The priciples of government
- •Provisions for amendment
- •Constitutional interpretation
- •8. Translate into English
- •Vocabulary
- •The principles of the constitution
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •What it is fine in principle, is hard to do in practice
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •Inferior courts in england and wales
- •In such a way that / in such a way as to (in the meaning “ with the result that “).
- •Vocabulary
- •Changing the subject
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •4. Listen to the text on the pretrial conference in civil cases in the usa and fill in the gaps.
- •Vocabulary
- •Legal aid
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •3. For questions 1-22, read the text below and then decide which word best fits each space. The exercise begins with an example (0).
- •Showing surprise
- •Vocabulary
- •5. Work in pairs. Fill in the table below on the basis of exercises 2-4.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •The man in court
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •How evidence is presented
- •Vocabulary
- •Inadmissible (evidence) incompetent (evidence) invalid (evidence) irrelevant (evidence) mistrial objection
- •Importance of evidence
- •Improper (evidence) inadmissible; incompetent circumstantial evidence bear
- •In the box.
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •V. Discharge of the obligation.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •9. Work in pairs. Using the text in exercise 7, fill in the table below and then describe the burden of the prosecution and defense in criminal cases.Translate into English
- •Kinds of crimes
- •Vocabulary
- •Illegal conduct
- •Inciting to violence
- •Inherent
- •Inherent powers menacing threats minor misdemeanors
- •Illegal conduct obscenity
- •What are white collar crimes generally?
- •Vocabulary
- •Internal Revenue Service (irs)
- •Violation of trust
- •Violation of trust white collar crimes cybercrime
- •Incarceration
- •Vocabulary
Vocabulary
accusation
accused
allege
attorney
authorized
bind
over
charge
circumstances
citation citizen’s arrest
звинувачення обвинувачений припускати прокурор уповноважений
зобов’язувати (постати перед судом) звинувачення обставини виклик до суду громадянський арешт
commit an offence |
вчиняти правопорушення |
confer |
надавати |
constitute |
становити |
criminal case |
кримінальна справа |
dismiss |
знімати (обвинувачення) |
essential |
суттєвий |
exceed |
перевищувати |
execute |
виконувати |
felonious |
злочинний |
felony |
кримінальний злочин |
fine |
штраф |
grand jury |
велике журі |
guilty party |
винна сторона |
in essence |
по суті |
indict |
обвинувачувати (за обвинувальним актом) |
indictment |
обвинувачення (пред’явлення обвинувального |
|
акту) |
law enforcement officer |
правоохоронець |
minor |
незначний; неповнолітній |
misdemeanour |
незначне правопорушення; місдімінор |
municipal court |
муніципальний суд |
no bill |
незатверджений проект обвинувального акту |
offence |
правопорушення |
peace officer |
поліцейський |
preliminary hearing |
попереднє слухання |
probable cause |
вагома (достатня) підстава |
punishable |
що заслуговує на покарання |
reasonable cause |
розумна підстава |
refer |
передавати справу до іншої інстанції |
return |
пред’явлення (обвинувачення) |
screening devices |
засоби відсіювання |
suspect |
підозрюваний |
take into custody |
брати під варту |
theft |
крадіжка |
traffic case |
порушення правил дорожнього руху |
traffic ticket |
квитанція за порушення правил дорожнього |
|
руху |
true bill |
затверджений проект обвинувального акту |
violate |
порушувати |
warrant |
ордер (на арешт) |
|
UKRAINIAN - ENGLISH |
брати під варту |
take into custody |
вагома (достатня) підстава |
probable cause |
велике журі |
grand jury |
виклик до суду |
citation |
виконувати |
execute |
винна сторона |
guilty party |
вчиняти правопорушення |
commit an offence |
громадянський арешт |
citizen’s arrest |
засоби відсіювання |
screening devices |
затверджений проект обвинувального акту true bill | |
звинувачення |
accusation; charge |
злочинний |
felonious |
знімати (обвинувачення) |
dismiss |
зобов’язувати (постати перед судом) bind over |
квитанція за порушення правил дорожнього |
traffic ticket |
руху |
|
крадіжка |
theft |
кримінальна справа |
criminal case |
кримінальний злочин |
felony |
місдімінор |
misdemeanour |
муніципальний суд |
municipal court |
надавати |
confer |
незатверджений проект обвинувального акту |
no bill |
незначне правопорушення |
misdemeanour |
незначний |
minor |
неповнолітній |
minor |
обвинувачений |
accused |
обвинувачення (пред’явлення обвинувального |
indictment |
акту) |
|
обвинувачувати (за обвинувальним актом) |
indict |
обставини |
circumstances |
ордер (на арешт) |
warrant |
перевищувати |
exceed |
передавати справу до іншої інстанції |
refer |
підозрюваний |
suspect |
по суті |
in essence |
поліцейський |
peace officer |
попереднє слухання |
preliminary hearing |
порушення правил дорожнього руху |
traffic case |
порушувати |
violate |
правоохоронець |
law enforcement officer |
правопорушення |
offence |
пред’явлення (обвинувачення) |
return |
припускати |
allege |
прокурор |
attorney |
розумна підстава |
reasonable cause |
становити |
constitute |
суттєвий |
essential |
уповноважений |
authorized |
штраф |
fine |
що заслуговує на покарання |
punishable |
Work in pairs. Make a list of steps necessary to bring a defendant to trial in the US criminal procedure. Listen to other students’ ideas and add them to your list.
Work in pairs. In the text below find the synonyms of the words in the box.
guilty verdict mental illness responsibility financial guarantee contest have enough money lawyer statement meaning
After the accused is indicted, he is brought into court and arraigned. “Arraignment” consists of reading the indictment to him or telling him the nature of the charge, making sure he has a copy of the indictment, and asking him to make a plea to the indictment. If the accused has no attorney, the court must inform him that he has a right to an attorney, and a right to have an attorney provided at state expense if he cannot afford one. He must also be informed of his right to bail, and his right to remain silent. This “reading the rights” must also be done at other stages of the proceedings against the accused, including at the time of his arrest and at the time of the preliminary hearing. There are several pleas the accused can make. He can plead “not guilty”, which means that he denies the charge against him. He can plead “not guilty by reason of insanity”. This means that while he may have done the criminal act, he is not subject to criminal liability because of a mental disease or mental defect. He can plead “no contest”, which means that he does not admit guilt but does admit the truth of the facts in the accusation (the no contest plea is sometimes used where the accused realizes that a guilty plea could be used against him in a civil suit). Finally, he can plead “guilty”, which is an admission that he committed the crime, and has the same effect as a conviction following a trial. Arraignment is usually a separate proceeding in felony cases. In misdemeanour cases, arraignment usually takes place at the beginning of the trial itself, rather than as a separate proceeding before trial.
For questions 1-18, read the text below and then decide which word best fits each space. The exercise begins with an example (0).
(0) is the very first court appearance the defendant will
have, and it is the process by which a person is brought before a court
defendant’s personal presence is required. If the defendant is out of custody, s/he has to make sure to come to court on time. Six
things (2) at arraignment. The (3)
is (4) of his or her constitutional rights. An
(5) is appointed, and if the accused cannot
(6) the attorney, he or she has the right to have
an attorney provided at the (7) of the state. The
HE LETTER . 1
OF THE LAW 1
PREFACE 8
MODULE 1 14
THE SHIP OF STATE NEVER SLOWS DOWN IN A FOG 14
LESSON 1. GOVERNMENT IS KNOWN BY THE COUNTRY IT KEEPS 14
LESSON 2 A SUCCESSFUL EXECUTIVE DELEGATES ALL RESPONSIBILITY 67
MODULE 2 186
THE RULE OF LAW 186
LESSON 1. THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND 186
module з і 361
THE TIMES OF TRIAL 361
LESSON 2. EVIDENCE IS NOT ALWAYS PROOF 383
LESSON 3. EXPERT’S REPUTATION IS RASED ON WNAT OTHERS DO NOT KNOW 404
LESSON 4. OUR DECISION IS ‘MAYBE’ - AND THAT’S FINAL 427
TIME IS MONEY, BUT NOT IN JAIL 466
LESSON 1. OFFENSIVE MATERIALS 466
is set. On that day a (17) hearing, if at least one of the charges is a
(18), or a pretrial hearing, if the charges are misdemeanours only, may be held.
0 |
A. accusation |
B. arraignment |
C. indictment |
D. complaint |
1 |
A. criminal |
B. civil |
C. common |
D. public |
2 |
A. start |
B. finish |
C. take place |
D. begin |
3 |
A. convicted |
B. accused |
C. acquitted |
D. released |
4 |
A. provided |
B. said |
C.told |
D. informed |
5 |
A. witness |
B. prosecutor |
C. attorney |
D. judge |
6 |
A. afford |
B. let |
C. allow |
D. permit |
7 |
A. account |
B. expense |
C. price |
D. extent |
8 |
A. sentences |
B. charges |
C. verdicts |
D. convictions |
9 |
A. duplicate |
B. original |
C. reproduction |
D.copy |
10 |
A. plead |
B. claim |
C. allege |
D. assert |
11 |
A. agrees |
B. admits |
C. denies |
D. affirms |
12 |
A. incapacity |
B. insanity |
C. disease |
D. disability |
13 |
A. inability |
B. jurisdiction |
C. amenability |
D. liability |
14 |
A. affair |
B.event |
C. act |
D. incident |
15 |
A. committed |
B. permitted |
C. completed |
D. accomplished |
16 |
A. bail |
B. pledge |
C. guarantee |
D. loan |
17 |
A. prior |
B. former |
C. preliminary |
D. previous |
18 |
A. misconduct |
B. misdemeanour |
C. malfeasance |
D. felony |
Listen to the text on the bail in criminal procedure in the USA and fill in the gaps. You will hear the text twice.
Bail. When a person of eighteen years old or older is (1), he or she is usually
entitled to be free pending trial provided he can (2) the court that he will come to all
court (3). An arrested person who qualifies for bail must be given the (4)
to be free on bail as soon as possible. Different guarantees of (5) in court may be
required. “Personal recognizance” is the defendant’s written (6) to appear. An
“unsecured appearance (7)” is defendant’s promise to (8), coupled with his
personal, unsecured promise to (9) a certain amount of (10) if he does
not appear. Bail may be money or (11) deposited as (12) for
defendant’s appearance in court. Bail can also be in the form of a kind of (13)
policy, called a “bail bond.” The amount of the appearance (14) or bail for any
given (15) is usually fixed by the (16) through a published bail
(17). In such cases, bail can be (18) at the police station without a
(19) before a judge. In felony cases, the (20) is usually held until the
initial (21), at which time the conditions of his (22) pending trial are
set by the (23). These (24) may include personal (25), bail
plus any other conditions the judge believes are required to (26) defendant’s
appearance in court. It is important to remember that bail is not a (27) for trial. It
was formerly true that some courts, particularly in (28) cases, allowed bail
forfeitures and treated them the same as a (29) of guilty, waiver of trial, and
payment of (30). The Ohio Supreme Court’s Rules of Superintendence (31)
this practice. If a person does not (32) as required by his personal recognizance,
(33), or bail, he forfeits any (34), is liable on any (35) to pay
bail, and is subject to re-arrest and (36) until trial. Failure to appear on a
(37) recognizance not only subjects the (38) to re-arrest and detention,
but is a (39) offence in (40).
Work in pairs. Fill in the table below on the basis of exercises 2 and 4. Then use the table to tell your partner about arraignment and bail in the US Criminal Law.
| |
What does the arraignment consist of? |
|
What happens if the accused has no attorney? |
|
What is “reading the rights”? |
|
What kinds of pleas can the accused make? |
|
What does “not guilty” plea mean? |
|
What does “not guilty by reason of insanity” plea mean? |
|
I What does “no contest” plea mean? |
|
What does “guilty” plea mean? |
|
How is arraignment different in misdemeanour and felony cases? |
|
" '"**'■ ~ :v- ■ ' вл |
L '“I ’iffr" |
Who is entitled to be free on bail? |
|
I What guarantees of appearance in court are I required? |
|
What does "personal recognizance" mean? |
|
What does "unsecured appearance bond" mean? |
|
What does "ten percent bond" mean? |
|
What does "bail schedule " mean? |
|
What are the bail conditions in felony cases? |
|
Can bail substitute a trial? |
|
What happens if the defended does not appear for trial? |
|
Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. All sentences refer to the future. There is an example at the beginning (0).
They (inform) an accused about his
constitutional rights by eleven o’clock.
By the time she (come), they
(appoint) an attorney.
By twelve o’clock he (read) charges to the
accused for ten minutes.
When she (learn) everything, they
(invite) the defendant to plead “guilty” or “not guilty” to the charges.
The judge (release) the defendant by
tomorrow morning.
By the time she (get) the message, the accused
(waive) a preliminary hearing.
By ten o’clock she (write) her “personal recognizance” for twenty
minutes.
When she (bring) the news, he (admit) guilt.
By 2012 he (hold) office of an attorney for seven years.
Translate into English
Після оформлення обвинувального акта обвинуваченого доправляють до суду та пред’являють йому обвинувачення. За процедурою обвинуваченому зачитують обвинувачення або повідомляють його суть, вручають примірник обвинувачення та пропонують поставити власний підпис або зробити заяву щодо визнання чи невизнання своєї вини. Якщо обвинувачений не має адвоката, суд має поінформувати його, що він має право на адвоката, а також на адвоката за рахунок держави, якщо він сам не може заплатити за його послуги. Його також мають поінформувати про право звільнення під заставу, а також про право не відповідати на запитання. Заяви обвинуваченого можуть варіюватися в певних межах. Він може заявити, що він «не винний», і це означає, що він заперечує звинувачення, висунуті проти нього. Він може заявити, що він «не винний з причини неосудності», і це означає, що хоча він, можливо, й вчинив злочин, але не може відповідати за нього в судовому порядку через психічну хворобу або порушення психіки.
Нарешті, він може заявити «винний», що є визнанням факту вчинення злочину, і це має такі самі наслідки, як і засудження за результатами судового процесу.
Попереднє слухання проводиться відразу, коли особа заарештовується за звинуваченням у вчиненні тяжкого кримінального злочину. Слухання проводить суддя муніципального або окружного суду. Це ще не є судовим процесом. Метою цього слухання є розгляд доказів проти обвинуваченого та встановлення того, чи достатньо їх для проведення подальшого слухання. Якщо не буде знайдено вагомої підстави вважати, що було вчинено злочин або що злочин було вчинено саме підозрюваним, тоді справу проти підозрюваного буде закрито. Якщо суддя має вагому підставу вважати, що було вчинено тяжкий злочин та що саме обвинувачений вчинив його, то він повинен передати справу на розгляд великого журі. Підсудний має право відмовитися від попереднього слухання. У цьому випадку справа автоматично передається на розгляд великого журі.