- •He letter .
- •Передмова
- •Checks and balances
- •System of government in britain
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from the text above.
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from the text above.
- •I think that... In my opinion... To my mind,... I believe that... I can't be certain, but I think... Personally, I feel that...
- •Vocabulary КонгресEnglish - ukrainian
- •Конгрес
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •8. You will hear the speaker talking about the way bills become laws in Ukraine. Listen to the text twice and then describe the legislative procedure using the scheme below.
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Legislative powers of the president
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Department of defense
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •Royal prerogative
- •In the text below find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Privy council
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Exemplifying
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from the text above.
- •Executive-Legislative Relations in us and European Models
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Political parties in the usa
- •The republican party
- •Describing past habits
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Elections in the usa
- •Presidential elections
- •Congressional elections
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •I think that... In my opinion ... To my mind, ... I believe that... I can't be certain, but I think ... Personally, I feel that... I could be wrong, but I think ... I personally think ...
- •If you want to know what I think, ... Not everybody will agree with me, but...
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Asking for explanations
- •Giving explanations
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word
- •General elections
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •I think that... In my opinion ... To my mind,... I believe that... I can't be certain, but I think ... Personally, I feel that... I could be wrong, but I think ... I personally think ...
- •If you want to know what I think,... Not everybody will agree with me, but...
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Elections in ukraine
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •The priciples of government
- •Provisions for amendment
- •Constitutional interpretation
- •8. Translate into English
- •Vocabulary
- •The principles of the constitution
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •What it is fine in principle, is hard to do in practice
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •Inferior courts in england and wales
- •In such a way that / in such a way as to (in the meaning “ with the result that “).
- •Vocabulary
- •Changing the subject
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •4. Listen to the text on the pretrial conference in civil cases in the usa and fill in the gaps.
- •Vocabulary
- •Legal aid
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •3. For questions 1-22, read the text below and then decide which word best fits each space. The exercise begins with an example (0).
- •Showing surprise
- •Vocabulary
- •5. Work in pairs. Fill in the table below on the basis of exercises 2-4.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •The man in court
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •How evidence is presented
- •Vocabulary
- •Inadmissible (evidence) incompetent (evidence) invalid (evidence) irrelevant (evidence) mistrial objection
- •Importance of evidence
- •Improper (evidence) inadmissible; incompetent circumstantial evidence bear
- •In the box.
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •V. Discharge of the obligation.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •9. Work in pairs. Using the text in exercise 7, fill in the table below and then describe the burden of the prosecution and defense in criminal cases.Translate into English
- •Kinds of crimes
- •Vocabulary
- •Illegal conduct
- •Inciting to violence
- •Inherent
- •Inherent powers menacing threats minor misdemeanors
- •Illegal conduct obscenity
- •What are white collar crimes generally?
- •Vocabulary
- •Internal Revenue Service (irs)
- •Violation of trust
- •Violation of trust white collar crimes cybercrime
- •Incarceration
- •Vocabulary
You
will hear the text twice.
Many
courts require the (1) to a civil case to attend a (2) in order to
establish
the (3) for the trial and to help to (4) the case with the least
amount
of time and trouble. Many (5) may be dealt with at the pretrial
conference,
including:
the possibility of settlement before trial; (6) of the questions to
be tried;
the
listing of expenses and (7); possible amendments to the (8); the
exchange
of the reports of (9), medical reports, and hospital records;
limiting the
number
of expert witnesses; and agreement upon certain facts or (10).
Alternative
dispute resolution (ADR) is often a pretrial (11). ADR refers to a
broad (12) of methods or
techniques used to (13) conflict. For example,
(14),
mediation, arbitration, minitrials, and (15) are some of the
If
the defendant
(0) believes that he is the
(1)
party, he may react to the
a
case can file a
discovery
claimant’s
complaint with his own claim, known as a “counterclaim”
Sometimes a claimant or an accused may have a (2),
(3)
to the main complaint against a со-
claimant
or a со-
accused;
this complaint is maintained in a “cross-claim”. If the case is
obvious, a іщД
participant
in a case can ask for summary judgment. When a statement (4) (5)
material, the (6) participant in
(7)
asking that such material be
(8).
The Rules of Civil Procedure permit the participants in a case to
(9)
the (10) of (11) witnesses, and to
(13)
acquire
data or methods known4. Listen to the text on the pretrial conference in civil cases in the usa and fill in the gaps.
methods or (16) that lawyers, courts, and others use as (17) to traditional
(18). These methods or techniques are intended to supplement rather than to
supplant traditional litigation. They offer opportunities to find and use the best method to
(19) particular conflicts or types of (20). ADR (21) speedy,
(22), and effective conflict (23).
(24) is one method of ADR which is often used by the (25). In
mediation, the mediator, or (26) third party, guides the parties through the
(27) issues. The mediator is a (28) and not a judge. The mediator
attempts to maintain a calm (29) which promotes the realistic evaluation of both
sides of a conflict and allows the parties to develop a (30) solution to the
conflict.
Work in pairs. Fill in the table below on the basis of exercises 2 and 4. Then use the table to deliver the new data about the US legal procedure in civil cases to your partner.
U.S. LEGAL PROCEDURE IN CIVIL CASES-2' . ' | |
What may the defendant’s answer contain? |
|
What is a ‘counterclaim’? |
|
What is a ‘cross-claim’? |
|
What is a ‘motion’ and how is it used? |
|
What is a ‘discovery’ and how is it used? |
|
What is a ‘deposition’ and how' is it used? |
|
What is ‘interrogations’ and how is it used? |
|
When is medical examination requested? |
|
PRETR1ALACTIVITIEt ' ■ ■■ •" - m •- | |
The aim of a pretrial conference |
|
Matters considered at the pretrial conference |
|
What is ‘alternative dispute resolution’ (ADR)? |
|
What are ADR methods and techniques? |
|
The aim of ADR methods and techniques |
|
What is ‘mediation’ and how is it used? |
|
Work in pairs. Open the brackets using the correct verb form in the following sentences.
The defendant has admitted most of the plaintiffs claim at today’s court hearing, (to
admit)
The parties to the lawsuit each other’s pleadings twice since
yesterday, (to challenge)
HE LETTER . 1
OF THE LAW 1
PREFACE 8
MODULE 1 14
THE SHIP OF STATE NEVER SLOWS DOWN IN A FOG 14
LESSON 1. GOVERNMENT IS KNOWN BY THE COUNTRY IT KEEPS 14
LESSON 2 A SUCCESSFUL EXECUTIVE DELEGATES ALL RESPONSIBILITY 67
MODULE 2 186
THE RULE OF LAW 186
LESSON 1. THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND 186
module з і 364
THE TIMES OF TRIAL 364
LESSON 2. EVIDENCE IS NOT ALWAYS PROOF 386
LESSON 3. EXPERT’S REPUTATION IS RASED ON WNAT OTHERS DO NOT KNOW 407
LESSON 4. OUR DECISION IS ‘MAYBE’ - AND THAT’S FINAL 430
TIME IS MONEY, BUT NOT IN JAIL 469
LESSON 1. OFFENSIVE MATERIALS 469
It is obvious that your main witness’s mental condition is an issue in a case. So our party the court to order a medical examination, (to request)
. the judge under the oath the witness to the case yet? (to question)
The court reporter said tactfully: “The plaintiff a motion for summary
judgment.” Gust, to file)
Having inspected all information and evidence the court the ground
rules for the trial, (finally, to establish)
The compromise is evident. Both sides to a lawsuit the best methods of
pretrial conference to resolve this conflict, (to use)
Translate into English
Коли відповідача повідомляють про те, що проти нього було порушено справу, він повинен подати «письмові пояснення щодо позову». У згаданих поясненнях він може спростувати все, зазначене у скарзі, визнати деякі звинувачення заявника і спростувати всі інші або визнати більшу частину звинувачень заявника. Якщо ж звинувачений вважає, що він є потерпілою стороною, то він може відповісти на звинувачення заявника власним звинуваченням, яке називається «зустрічним позовом». Іноді позивач або відповідач подають заяву, яка є допоміжною до основної справи і спрямована проти співпозивача або співвідповідача. Така заява називається «перехресним позовом». Якщо справа ясна, сторона у справі може подати клопотання про її розгляд за процедурою спрощеного судочинства. Коли позовна заява або відповідь на неї не містять чіткого обґрунтування, супротивна сторона може подати клопотання щодо чіткішого й конкретнішого формулювання звинувачення чи заперечення. Суд має право обмежити або заборонити процедуру «збирання документів», коли вона спричинює надмірні моральні страждання, незручності чи матеріальні збитки.
Чимало судів вимагають присутності сторін у цивільній справі на досудовій нараді для домовленості про головні правила слухання справи, а також для завершення справи у найкоротший час та з мінімальними проблемами. На таких нарадах можна вирішити багато питань: досягти домовленості до суду; спростити питання, що виносяться на розгляд; скласти перелік витрат та компенсацій; внести поправки до змагальних паперів; обмінятися висновками експертів; домовитися щодо прийнятності доказів. На досудовому етапі часто застосовуються способи альтернативного вирішення справи: переговори, посередництво, арбітраж, міні-суди та суди присяжних за спрощеною процедурою. Такі методи і прийоми призначені для доповнення, а не заміни традиційної процедури й можуть допомогти знайти найкращий шлях вирішення конкретної справи. Посередництво є одним із методів, що часто використовуються у суді. Посередник, тобто нейтральна третя сторона, розглядає разом з обома сторонами питання, що є предметом спору. Посередник намагається створити спокійну атмосферу, що сприяє реалістичній оцінці ситуації сторонами і дозволяє їм знайти розумне вирішення спору.