- •He letter .
- •Передмова
- •Checks and balances
- •System of government in britain
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from the text above.
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from the text above.
- •I think that... In my opinion... To my mind,... I believe that... I can't be certain, but I think... Personally, I feel that...
- •Vocabulary КонгресEnglish - ukrainian
- •Конгрес
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •8. You will hear the speaker talking about the way bills become laws in Ukraine. Listen to the text twice and then describe the legislative procedure using the scheme below.
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Legislative powers of the president
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Department of defense
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •Royal prerogative
- •In the text below find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Privy council
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in exercise 1.
- •In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it.
- •Exemplifying
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from the text above.
- •Executive-Legislative Relations in us and European Models
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Political parties in the usa
- •The republican party
- •Describing past habits
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Elections in the usa
- •Presidential elections
- •Congressional elections
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •I think that... In my opinion ... To my mind, ... I believe that... I can't be certain, but I think ... Personally, I feel that... I could be wrong, but I think ... I personally think ...
- •If you want to know what I think, ... Not everybody will agree with me, but...
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Asking for explanations
- •Giving explanations
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word
- •General elections
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •I think that... In my opinion ... To my mind,... I believe that... I can't be certain, but I think ... Personally, I feel that... I could be wrong, but I think ... I personally think ...
- •If you want to know what I think,... Not everybody will agree with me, but...
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •Vocabulary
- •In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column a in the table above.
- •Elections in ukraine
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •The priciples of government
- •Provisions for amendment
- •Constitutional interpretation
- •8. Translate into English
- •Vocabulary
- •The principles of the constitution
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •What it is fine in principle, is hard to do in practice
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Stating and justifying opinions
- •Vocabulary
- •Inferior courts in england and wales
- •In such a way that / in such a way as to (in the meaning “ with the result that “).
- •Vocabulary
- •Changing the subject
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •4. Listen to the text on the pretrial conference in civil cases in the usa and fill in the gaps.
- •Vocabulary
- •Legal aid
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •3. For questions 1-22, read the text below and then decide which word best fits each space. The exercise begins with an example (0).
- •Showing surprise
- •Vocabulary
- •5. Work in pairs. Fill in the table below on the basis of exercises 2-4.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •The man in court
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •How evidence is presented
- •Vocabulary
- •Inadmissible (evidence) incompetent (evidence) invalid (evidence) irrelevant (evidence) mistrial objection
- •Importance of evidence
- •Improper (evidence) inadmissible; incompetent circumstantial evidence bear
- •In the box.
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •Vocabulary english - ukrainian
- •V. Discharge of the obligation.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •9. Work in pairs. Using the text in exercise 7, fill in the table below and then describe the burden of the prosecution and defense in criminal cases.Translate into English
- •Kinds of crimes
- •Vocabulary
- •Illegal conduct
- •Inciting to violence
- •Inherent
- •Inherent powers menacing threats minor misdemeanors
- •Illegal conduct obscenity
- •What are white collar crimes generally?
- •Vocabulary
- •Internal Revenue Service (irs)
- •Violation of trust
- •Violation of trust white collar crimes cybercrime
- •Incarceration
- •Vocabulary
The man in court
Only when the (1) make out a case, do the
jury have any function. Then it is for them to find
out whether the facts are as the (2)
claims them to be or as the (3). The jury
are usually puzzled and do not understand the
(4). In certain cases the judge
determines both the facts and the (5) and
decides the whole matter. In those cases, and in
what is known as (6), there are no jury, but
a judge may always ask for a (7) if he wishes
one to determine the facts. A jury is supposed to be
advantageous to the defendant in a (8)
action and to the plaintiff in a (9) action. The
jury decides whether the defendant is (10)
or (11) as to each (12) charged. If the judge so (13), the jury
may find the defendant guilty of a less serious offense than the one (14). If a defendant
is (15), (16) is the responsibility of the judge. "One judge is better than
(12)," says the advocate of the (18) system. "Law is a technical thing and you
can not put a technical case plainly enough so that twelve men could (19)
understand it."
A discussion of the jury system is not (20). The jurymen have already been
(21) and are in court and until the structure of the law is changed they will remain.
They are ready to (22) any case that may (23) them. The judge feels a sense of
relief at not having to (24) the facts. Because of his importance, the (25)
judge must be present in court from the opening of the trial until its close and must be easily
(26) during jury trials while the jury is (27) on its verdict. The law
being laid down, all that remains for him to do is to see that the facts are (28) and plainly
presented to the jury, that both sides conduct the case in a (29) manner and that the
trial is as (30) as possible.
Explain the meaning of the following word-combinations related to the trial procedure from the text.
Teamwork of judge and jury; an unbiased party; legal matters; the arbiter of the law; convene; adjourn; recess; rule on motions and objections; substantive questions; credibility of the evidence; preliminary instructions; the impaneled jury; the pertinent law; deliberation; sentence; discretion; arbitrary rulings; prejudice the jury against any of the parties; common sense; find for defendants; set financial damage amounts; extend mercy; mete out justice; to nullify; acquit; equity; one charged; convict, summon jurymen; try a case; pass upon the facts; the presiding judge; the law being laid down; in a reasonable manner; open-minded trial.
Work in pairs. Fill in the table below on the basis of exercises 1-3. Then use the table to tell your partner everything you know about judge’s and jury’s functions and obligations.
TEAMWORK OF JUDGE AND JURY | |
The judge’s functions, powers and obligations |
|
The jury’s functions, powers and obligations |
|
' ". JUDGE’S AND JURY’S MUSTS ANS MUSTNOTS -Л,,.,: ;-/'. '-: .' ••••U-WV. | |
The judge decides: |
|
The judge must: |
|
The judge has: |
|
The judge rules on: |
|
The judge instructs: |
|
The jury’s job is: |
|
The jurors are not permitted: |
|
The jurors determine: |
|
^^Ц^ДУТНЕ MAN IN COUR'Jsfgff^^^;; ’ | |
When can the judge determine both the facts and the law? |
|
When is the jury advantageous to the defendant? |
|
When is the jury advantageous to the plaintiff? |
|
Whose responsibility is the sentencing? |
|
The judge’s responsibility as to the jury |
|
Write a survey report on the role of the judge and jury in a trial in the US law system. Use the texts in this part of the lesson or any other materials you may come across. See also: Survey Report in the Recommendations on Creative Writing Work.
Translate into English
Захист конституційних прав і встановлення справедливості значною мірою досягається завдяки злагодженій співпраці судді та присяжних. Суддя керує вирішенням правових питань, які постають перед судом, будучи неупередженим учасником процесу, чиїм обов’язком є простежити, аби обидві сторони могли максимально повно подати свою позицію, не виходячи за рамки закону. Суддя призначає час скликання судового розгляду, його відкладення й тривалість перерви в засіданнях. Він виносить рішення стосовно клопотань та заперечень обвинувача й захисника. У деяких юрисдикціях судді можуть ставити свідкам питання по суті справи, а також коментувати ступінь достовірності доказів для присяжних. Суддя дає вказівки журі присяжних як перед судовим розглядом, так і протягом процесу, а також виносить вирок винному підсудному у кримінальній справі. Хоча судді мають широкі повноваження діяти на власний розсуд у ході судового розгляду, їхні постанови не повинні бути довільними і несправедливими. Крім того, суддя має запобігати упередженому ставленню присяжних до будь-якої із сторін. Присяжні мають розглядати докази, представлені в ході судового розгляду, й вирішувати їх правдоподібність. У позовних та цивільних спорах присяжні виносять рішення на користь відповідача або позивача, а також встановлюють суму фінансової компенсації, яку має виплатити сторона. Вони визначають, чи несе відповідач відповідальність за шкоду, заявлену позивачем. У кримінальній справі журі робить набагато більше, ніж вирішує питання факту. Воно може виносити рішення про помилування і встановлювати справедливість в кожному конкретному випадку. Воно має право скасовувати попередні рішення й виправдання обвинуваченого.
Присяжні відіграють свою роль, тільки якщо вирішення справи залежить від фактів, оскільки їхнім завданням саме і є встановлення фактичного боку справи. Інколи суддя вирішує питання як факту, так і права, тобто самостійно вирішує всю справу. У справах, які розглядаються за принципом справедливості, немає журі, але суддя може вдатися до журі, якщо він хоче, щоб воно визначало фактичний бік справи. Вважається, що участь журі є вигідною для обвинуваченого у кримінальній справі й для позивача - у цивільному процесі. Журі вирішує, чи є підсудний винним або невинним стосовно кожного злочину, що інкримінується. Якщо обвинувачений визнається винним, то покарання визначає суддя.