Вопросительное предложение в косвенной речи

Вопросительные предложения, воспроизведенные в косвенной речи, называются косвенными вопросами.

В отличие от вопроса в прямой речи, где в большинстве случаев существует обратный порядок слов (кроме вопросов к подлежащему) – перед подлежащим стоит сказуемое или его часть, вопросы в косвенной речи имеют структуру повествовательного предложения, т.е. прямой порядок слов (подлежащее, за ним сказуемое). Знак вопроса в конце такого предложения отсутствует, вспомогательный глагол todoвPresentиPastIndefiniteне употребляется.

Между главным и придаточным предложениями соблюдается правило согласования времен, как и в рассмотренном выше случае повествовательного предложения. В зависимости от типа прямого вопроса (вопроса в прямой речи) существует две модели образования косвенных вопросов.

1. Специальные вопросы при обращении в косвенную речь становятся дополнительными придаточными предложениями, присоединяемыми к главному с помощью тех вопросительных слов (местоимений или наречий) которые были использованы в самом вопросе. Типичными вопросительными словами в этих вопросах являются: who (кто), when (когда), where (где, куда), why (почему), which (который), whose (чей) и т.п.

He asked me, “Who has come?” Он спросил меня: “Кто пришел?” He asked me who had come. Он спросил меня, кто пришел. He asked, “When did you see him?” Он спросил: “Когда ты видел его? “ He asked when I had seen him. Он спросил, когда я видел его. He asked me, “Why have you come so late?” Он спросил меня: “Почему вы пришли так поздно?” He asked me why I had come so late. Он спросил меня, почему я пришел так поздно.

2. Общие вопросы заменяются придаточным предложением, которое присоединяется к главному при помощи союзов if и whether, имеющих значение частицы ли.

I asked, “Do you understand now?” Я спросил: “Теперь вы понимаете?” I asked him if he understood then. Я спросил его, понимал ли он (это) теперь.

Повелительное предложение

Косвенные приказания и просьбы вводятся глаголами, выражающими просьбу (toask– просить,tobeg– просить, умолять,toimplore– умолять) или команду, приказание (totell– сказать, велеть, приказать,toorder– приказывать,toallow– разрешать) и др.

Действие, выраженное в прямой речи повелительным наклонением (инфинитивом без to), заменяется в косвенной речи инфинитивом с частицей to.	He said, “Stop the car.” Он сказал: “Останови машину”. He told me to stop the car. Он велел мне остановить машину. She said to him, “Come at five o'clock.” Она сказала ему: “Приходите в пять часов”. She told him to come at five o'clock. Она велела ему придти в пять часов.
Отрицательная форма глагола в повелительном наклонении заменяется инфинитивом с предшествующей частицей not.	He said to me, “Don't go there.” Он сказал мне: “Не ходите туда”. He told me not to go there. Он велел мне не ходить туда.

Для более глубокого усвоения грамматического материала рекомендуется выполнить следующие упражнения.

Упр.115. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен.

1. She asked me how old I was. 2. He wanted to know what I did in my spare time. 3. They asked me how long I had been working in my present job. 4. She asked me why I had applied for the job. 5. He wanted to know whether I could speak any foreign language. 6. Judy said that her parents were very well. 7. She asked if I had got a driving license. 8. She said she was going to learn to drive. 9. Nick said that he had given up his job. 10. He said that he wanted to go away for a holiday but (he) didn't know where to go. 11. She said that she was going away for a few days and would phone me when she got back. 12. Tom said that he was feeling ill. 13. I told her that I didn't have any money.

Упр.116. Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи:

1. The teacher said to me: “Hand this note to your parents, please.” 2. Oleg said to his sister: “Put the letter into an envelope and give it to Kate.” 3. “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert. 4. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress. 5. “Don’t worry over such a small thing,” she said to me. 6. “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend. 7. “Promise to come and see me,” said Jane to Alice. 8. He said to us: “Come here tomorrow.” 9. I said to Mike: “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.” 10. Father said to me: “Don’t stay there long.” 11. Peter said to them: “Don’t leave the room until I come back.” 12. “Take my luggage to Room 145,” he said to the porter. 13. He said to me: “Ring me up tomorrow.” 14. “Bring me a cup of black coffee,” she said to the waiter. 15. “Don’t be late for dinner,” said mother to us. 16. Jane said to us: “Please tell me all you know about it.”

Упр.117. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи:

1. He said: “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” 2. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me. 3. Mike said: “I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning.” 4. He said to her: “I shall do it today if I have time.” 5. I said to them: “I can give you my uncle’s address.” 6. Oleg said: “My room is on the second floor.” 7. He said: “I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St. Petersburg.” 8. Misha said: “I saw them at my parent’s house last year.” 9. He said: “I haven’t seen my cousin today.” 10. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said. 11. The mother said: “The children are in the nursery, doctor.” 12. “I have no time for lunch today,” said the boy to his mother. 13. “You speak English very well,” said the woman to me. 14. My brother said to me: “I am going to become a doctor.” 15. My uncle said to us: “I buy several newspaper every day.”

Упр.118. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи:

1. Mother said to me: “Who has brought this parcel?” 2. He said to her: “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?” 3. Ann said to Mike: “When did you leave London?” 4. She said to Boris: “When will you be back home?” 5. Boris said to them: “How can I get to the railway station?” 6. Mary asked Tom: “What time will you come here tomorrow?” 7. She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?” 8. She asked me: “What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?” 9. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?” 10. I said to him: “How long are you going to stay there?”

Упр.119. Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи:

1. I said to Mike: “Have you packed your suitcase?” 2. I said to Kate: “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 3. I said to her: “Can you give me their address?” 4. I asked Tom: “Have you had breakfast?” 5. I asked my sister: “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 6. I said to my mother: “Did anybody come to see me?” 7. I asked my sister: “Will Nick call for you on the way to school? 8. She said to the young man: “Can you call a taxi for me?” 9. Mary said to Peter: “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 10. Oleg said to me: “Will you come here tomorrow?” 11. He said to us: “Did you go to the museum this morning?”

Ключи к упражнениям .

Упр.115. 1. Она спросила меня, сколько мне лет. 2. Он хотел знать, что я делаю в свое свободное время. 3. Они спросили меня, как долго я работаю на своей нынешней работе. 4. Она спросила меня, почему я обратился с заявлением об устройстве на работу. 5.Он хотел знать, могу ли я разговаривать на каком либо иностранном языке. 6. Джуди сказала, что с ее родителями все в порядке. 7. Она спросила, есть ли у меня водительские права. 8. Она сказала, что собирается учиться водить автомобиль. 9. Ник сказал, что он ушел со своей работы. 10. Он сказал, что он хочет уехать куда-либо на каникулы, но не знает куда. 11. Она сказала, что уезжает на несколько дней и позвонит мне когда вернется.12. Том сказал, что он заболевает. 13. Я сказал ей, что у меня нет никаких денег.

Упр.116. 1. The teacher said to me to hand that note to my parents. 2. Oleg said to his sister to put the letter into an envelope and give it to Kate. 3. Robert asked Henry to help him with that work. 4. He asked the waitress to bring him some fish soup. 5. She said to me not to worry over such a small thing. 6. Mary asked her friend not to mention it to anybody. 7. Jane asked Alice to come and see her. 8. He said to us to come there the next day. 9. I said to Mike to send me a telegram as soon as he arrived. 10. Father said to me not to stay there long. 11. Peter said to them not to leave the room until he came back.12. He said to the porter to take his luggage to Room 145. 13. He said to me to ring him up the next day. 14. She said to the waiter to bring her a cup of black coffee. 15. Mother said to us not to be late for dinner. 16. Jane asked us to tell her all we know about it.

Упр.117. 1. He said he had just received a letter from his uncle. 2. He said to me he was going to the theatre that day. 3. Mike said he had spoken to Mr. Brown that morning. 4. He said to her he should do it that day if he had time. 5. I said to them that I could give them my uncle’s address. 6. Oleg said that his room was on the second floor. 7. He said that he was sure she would ring him up when she was back in St. Petersburg. 8. Misha said that he had seen them at his parent’s house the year before. 9. He said he hadn’t seen his cousin that day.10. She said she didn’t go to that shop very often. 11. The mother said to the doctor that the children were in the nursery. 12. The boy said to his mother that he had no time for lunch that day. 13. The woman said to me that I spoke English very well. 14. My brother said to me he was going to become a doctor. 15. My uncle said to us he bought several newspaper every day.

Упр.118. 1. Mother asked me who had brought that parcel. 2. He asked her where she usually spent her summer holidays. 3. Ann asked Mike when he had left London. 4. She asked Boris when he would be back home. 5. Boris asked them how he could get to the railway station. 6. Mary asked Tom what time he would come there the next day. 7. She asked me why I hadn’t come there the day before. 8. She asked me what I would do the next day if I was not busy at my office. 9. I asked Nick where he was going. 10. I asked him how long he was going to stay there.

Упр.119. 1. I asked Mike if he had packed his suitcase. 2. I asked Kate if anybody had met her at the station. 3. I asked her if she could give me their address. 4. I asked Tom if he had had breakfast. 5. I asked my sister if she would stay at home or go for a walk after dinner. 6. I asked my mother if anybody came to see me. 7. I asked my sister if Nick would call for her on the way to school. 8. She asked the young man to call a taxi for her. 9. Mary asked Peter if he had shown his photo to Dick. 10. Oleg asked me if I would come there the next day. 11. He asked us if we had gone to the museum that morning.

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