Примеры употребления модальных глаголов
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I can swim across this river. I am able to swim across this river. He could help me, but did nothing. I’m very glad you were able to come. Can you do it/that? Can you come? Who can speak French? |
Я могу переплыть эту реку. (вообще) Я в состоянии переплыть эту реку. Он мог помочь мне, но ничего не сделал. Я очень рад, что вы смогли придти. Сможешь ли ты сделать это? Ты придешь?; Ты можешь прийти? Кто говорит по-французски? |
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I may go there today. You might find him in between eleven and twelve. May I help you? |
Я могу пойти туда сегодня. Вы могли бы застать его дома между одиннадцатью и двенадцатью часами . Разрешите вам помочь? |
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You must phone home at once. He must be at school now. |
Ты должен позвонить домой немедленно. Он должен быть в школе сейчас. |
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You ought to do it at once. You ought to see a doctor. |
Вам следует сделать это сразу же. Вам следует обратиться к врачу. |
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I have to get up the next morning at seven. I had to study last night. You will have to read this book again. Do I have to help them? Did he have to go there? |
Завтра утром я должен встать в семь часов. Мне пришлось заниматься вчера вечером. Тебе придется прочитать эту книгу снова. Я должен помогать им? Ему пришлось поехать туда? |
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I am to meet him in the evening. He is to come here at 6 o’clock. |
Я должен встретить его вечером. (так решено) Он должен прийти сюда в 6 часов. |
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You shall do this work at once. Shall I call for you this evening? |
Вы должны сделать эту работу немедленно. Мне за вами зайти сегодня вечером? |
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You should tell me the truth. He should sign the contract. |
Тебе следует сказать мне правду. Ему следует подписать контракт. |
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I will get the main part in that play. Would you like to see the room? When we were children, we would all get up early. |
Я непременно получу главную роль в той пьесе. Желаете посмотреть номер? (в гостинице) Когда мы были детьми, мы бывало все вставали рано. |
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Для более глубокого усвоения грамматического материала рекомендуется выполнить следующие упражнения.
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Упр.97. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов.
1. Who can answer my question? 2. Nobody could translate this text. 3. He ought to do this task at once. 4. Must I attend this meeting? – No, you needn’t. 5. You should have shown your notes to the teacher. 6. They should visit her, she is in hospital. 7. Your son can do this work himself. 8. Would you tell me the way to the station? 9. Your friend might have informed us. 10. May I leave for a while? – Yes, you may. 11. She should be more attentive at the lessons. 12. You needn’t come so early.
Упр. 98. Вставьте соответствующие модальные глаголы:
1. I … not go to the theatre with them last night, I … revise the grammar rules and the words for the test. 2. My friend lives a long way from his office and … get up early. 3. All of us … be in time for classes. 4. When my friend has his English, he … stay at the office after work. He (not) … stay at the office on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday and … get home early. 5. … you … work hard to do well in your English? 6. “… we discuss this question now?” “No, we … . We … do it tomorrow afternoon.” 7. I’m glad you … come. 8. “… you … come and have dinner with us tomorrow?” “I’d love to.” 9. “Please send them this article.” “Oh, … I do it now?”
Упр.99. Заполните пропуски в предложениях необходимым по смыслу модальным глаголом.
1. ___ you tell me the way to the nearest bank? (COULD / MUST).
2. We ___ hurry – we're late. (CAN / MUST).
3. Peter is very good at languages. He ___ speak English very well. (CAN / COULD).
4. You ___ give up smoking. It's bad for your health. (SHOULD / MUSTN'T).
5. “Matrix” is a wonderful film. You ___ watch it. (SHOULD / MUSTN'T).
6. John usually goes to bed early. He ___ not want to go to the disco with us. (MIGHT / SHOULD).
7. ___ you help me with this exercise? (MAY / CAN).
8. Stephen King's latest book is great! I ___ read it. (CAN / MUST).
9. ___I come in? (MIGHT / MAY).
10.Mary ___ respect her parents. (CAN / SHOULD).
11. Look at Peter's car. He ___ be very rich. (MUST / SHOULD).
12. You ___ drive so fast – it's very dangerous. (MUSTN'T / SHOULD).
13. When I was six years old I ___climb trees. (MUST / COULD).
14.”Shall we phone Mary now?” – “I don't know. It's early. She ___ not be at home from work yet.” (CAN / MAY).
15. We ___ leave the door open – the rain will come in. (CAN / MUSTN'T).
Упр.100. Вставьте соответствующие модальные глаголы:
1. He _____ be friendly, but he is usually unfriendly. 2. I have no time. I _____ leave now. My parents are waiting for me. 3. I _____ to study well for the exam. 4. It _____ rain in the desert sometimes, but you can't depend on it. 5. It's too cold. I _____ close the window. 6. Laila _____ not swim when she was one year old. 7. Muneera _____ come to the party, but nobody is sure. 8. Sam ____ lift that heavy table. He is too weak. 9. Stop smoking! You really _____ not smoke. 10. The project ___ be finished in two years time. 11. We _____ not climb those mountains when we were kids. 12. We _____ watch TV so much. 13. _____ I borrow your pen? 14. You failed in your final test. You _____ have studied harder. 15. You look tired. You _____ have some sleep. 16. You ____ behave well in front of guests. Stop being silly. 17. You_____ leave the class before 1 o'clock.
Упр.101. Вставьте соответствующие модальные глаголы:
1. Sorry, I ___ eat that vegetable. I don't like it. 2. The doctor told me: “You ___ eat less sugar. 3. If you continue eating so much fatty food, you ___ have cardiovascular problems. 4. ___ I eat as many fruit and vegetables as I want? 5. Your child is too fat. He ___ eat fewer sweets. 6. To be in good health, you ___ walk at least half an hour. 7. You ___ suffer from heart diseases because you eat too much junk food. 8. 150kg!!! You ___ lose weight. 9. You ___ use less salt when you cook. It's bad for your health. 10. You ___eat more fruit and vegetables to be in good health. 11. It is impossible, you ___ run that distance ! 12. You ___ try to overtake him if you want to win the race. 13. It ___ be cloudy tomorrow if the wind stops blowing . 14. Look at the camera he has got! He ___ be a professional reporter. 15.___ I help you ? 16. ___ you do it yourself ? I suppose so as you are strong enough. 17. He ___ arrive late tonight , we'll wait for him. 18. Yes, you ___smoke, but only one cigarette a day. 19. ___ I ask you a question? 20. __ I _____ sit in the front, I am shortsighted. 21. He says he ___ finish his homework by tomorrow. 22. Kate's line is engaged, she ___be talking to her mother. 23. My mother told me I ___not forget to buy some bread. 24. He is in a hurry with his work; he ___ give the report by tomorrow morning. 25. I can't hear Tim any more, he ___ be asleep. 26. If they want to buy a bigger house next year they ___ save money. 27. The washing-machine has been repaired, we ___ buy a new one. 28. You ___ cross the street, the traffic light is still green.
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Ключи к упражнениям
Упр.97. 1. Кто может ответить на мой вопрос? 2. Никто не смог перевести этот текст. 3. Он должен выпонить это задание немедленно. 4. Я должен придти на собрание? – Нет, не нужно. 5. Тебе следовало показать свои записи учителю. 6. Они должны навестить ее, она в больнице. 7. Твой сын может сделать эту работу сам. 8. Вы не подскажите мне путь на станцию? 9. Твой друг мог бы сообщить нам. 10. Можно мне уйти ненадолго? – Да, можно. 11. Ей следует быть более внимательной на занятиях. 12. Тебе не нужно приходить так рано. |
Упр. 98. 1. Could not, had to. 2. Has to. 3. Must . 4. Has to, doesn’t have to, can. 5. Do you have to. 6. Must, needn’t, must . 7. Could . 8. Are you able to. 9. Must.
Упр.99. 1. Could. 2. Must. 3. Can. 4. Should. 5. Should . 6. Might. 7. Can. 8. Must. 9. May. 10. Should. 11. Must. 12. Mustn’t. 13. Could. 14. May. 15. Mustn’t.
Упр.100. 1. Can. 2. Must, (have to). 3. Have to. 4. Can . 5. Should. 6. Couldn’t. 7. May. 8. Can’t. 9. Shouldn’t. 10. Must. 11. Couldn’t. 12. Shouldn’t. 13. May. 14. Should. 15. Should. 16. Should. 17. Must.
Упр.101. Вставьте соответствующие модальные глаголы:
1. Can’t . 2. Should. 3. May. 4. May. 5. Should. 6. Should. 7. May. 8. Should. 9. Should. 10. Should. 11. Could. 12. Have to. 13. May . 14. Must. 15. Can. 16. Can. 17. May. 18. May. 19. May. 20. Have to. 21. Can. 22. Must. 23. Shouldn’t. 24. Has to. 25. Must. 26. Have to. 27. Needn’t. 28. May.
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Работа с текстом |
Упр.102. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы после текста.
The Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Belarus is situated in the centre of Europe. It borders on Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, the Ukrain, Russia and Poland. Its territory is much larger then such countries as Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Greece and the number of others. Its present population is about 12 million people. Belarus is a land of vast plains and picturesque hills, thick forests and green meadows, deep blue lakes and flowing rivers. There are a lot of rivers and lakes in our country. The Dnieper, Pripyat, Beresina, Sozh, Zapadnaya Dvina, Neman are the biggest rivers with more than 500 kilometers in length. The largest lake in Belarus is Naroch which stretches 13 kilometers from West to East. It is very popular recreation aria in our country. Belarus has a moderately continental climate.
Belarus is divided into six regions: Minsk, Gomel, Brest, Vitebsk, Mogilev, Grodno.
The main industries are engineering, chemical industry, wood-working industry, light and food industries. Belarussian goods are exported to many countries and known all over the world. Agriculture of Belarus specializes in milk and meat production, flax, vegetables (especially potatoes) and fruit (especially apples).
The Republic of Belarus has a well-developed science and educational system. The Academy of Sciences found in 1929 is one of the largest centres of science in our country. Its research institutes work on various important problems in such fields as mathematics, optics, genetics, biology, etc. The demand for higher education remains high. State institutions are the centres both for education and scientific research. Nowadays in Belarus there are 43 universities, academies and institutes which provide training in various spheres of science and humanities.
At present Belarus actively participates in an effective international partnership with the government of different states and international organizations. As co-founder of the United Nations Belarus contacts with various institutions and organizations of the United Nations, World Bank, World Health Organization, International Labor Organization, UNESCO, the European Union, etc. Belarus cooperates with such countries as Germany, Denmark, France, Canada, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, The USA and many others.
Questions: 1. Where is the Republic of Belarus situated? 2. What countries does it border on? 3. What is its population? 4. What can you tell about the landscape of our country? Are there many rivers and lakes in the Republic? 5. What are the biggest rivers? 6. What regions is Belarus divided into? 7. What are the main industries? 8. What does agriculture specialize in? 9. Are there many higher educational establishments in our country? 10.WhatcountriesdoesBelaruscooperatewith?
Упр.103. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы после текста.
Minsk
Minsk is the capital of the Republic of Belarus, its political, economic, cultural and scientific center. It is an ancient city and dates back to the 11th century.
Minsk is situated on the river Svisloch and occupies an area of 200 square kilometers. Its population is about 2 million people.
Minsk is a leading economic center and one of major industrial cities in Belarus. It is a large machine-building center. The industrial enterprises of Minsk include: the Minsk Tractor Works, Minsk Computer Works, Refrigerator Plant, Watch Factory, and others. Industrial enterprises produce tractors and automobiles, motorcycles and bicycles, TV sets, radio-sets, watches and refrigerators, electronic computers, textile, footwear, food and other goods. It is also a big traffic center with a large network of railways, roads, air lines and two Metro lines.
The Minsk Metro is the newest and very beautiful. Each station has some associations with historical events of the country or reflects the peaceful efforts of the people.
Minsk is also known as a city of science and students. There is the Academy of Sciences and 16 higher educational establishments there, the biggest of which are the University and the Polytechnic Academy.
The city is noted for its varied interesting cultural life. In Minsk there are 6 theaters, concert halls, a circus, dozens of cinemas, many palaces of culture, libraries, clubs. The most famous theaters are the Opera and Ballet Theatre, the Yanka Kupala Theatre, the Gorky Russian Drama Theatre.
Among the most interesting museums one can mention the Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War, the Art Museum and Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas Museums. The Art Museum is a real treasure-house of fine arts.
Minsk is a city of sports. There are good recreation and sport facilities: tennis courts, playgrounds, swimming pools in various parts of the city. The main sports structures are: the Dynamo Stadium, the Palace of Sports and Water Sports Centre.
Minsk is a hero city. It was honored with the title in 1974 for outstanding heroism and courage during the Great Patriotic War.
Questions:
1. When was Minsk founded? 2. What is its territory? 3. What industrial enterprises are there in Minsk? 4. Why is Minsk known as a city of science and students? 5. Are there any theaters and museums in Minsk? What are the most interesting ones? 6. What sport facilities are there in Minsk? 7. Why was Minsk honoured with a title of hero city?
Упр.104. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы после текста.
My native town (Gorki)
My native town is in Mogilev region and it is a district center. It is called Gorki. The town, true to its name, is located on five hills. Gorki is very beautiful and rather quiet.
For the first time Gorki was mentioned in the chronicles in the middle of the 16th century. The town was widely known as a craft center, in which there were more than twenty different professions. In 1840 land use planners school was opened and it was transformed into an institute later.
During the Second World War the town suffred greatly. June 26, 1944 is considered to be a holiday for our citizens, when the town was liberated from the fascist invaders during the operation “Bagration”. In memory of that event a monument was installed at a bus station.
The town is constantly growing and developing. New buildings and microdistricts are erected.
The Belarusian State Agricultural Academy is certainly our town’s pride. Thousands of students are taught there. The Academy represents an original campus in the town. Sixteen educational buildings, fourteen hostels, a sport complex with a swimming pool and a stadium are situated there.
In our town there are also five schools of general education, art, sport and horse school.
Gorki is a town of parks and squares. The collection of dendrology park totals more than one hundred names of trees and shrubs. There is also a botanical garden with magnificen rosarium in our town. But the favourite place of rest is three small lakes surrounded by birch groves.
Questions: 1. When was your native town founded? 2. Are there many industrial enterprises in your native town? 3. What entertainments are there in your native town? 4. Is there a river or lake in your native town? 5. Are there any monuments and museums in your town? What are they?
Упр.105. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы после текста.
Customs and traditions
Every country and every nation has its own traditions and customs.
Throughout many centuries of history, the Belarusian people created its unique and original culture. Traditional folk customs and rites harmoniously interlace with Christian traditions.
Christians make up the biggest part of the population of Belarus. According to the Christian doctrine, Christmas and Easter are the main religious holidays.
Along with Christian holidays, such folk festivities of pagan origin as Kupalle (Midsummer Night) and Maslenitsa (Shrovetide) are widely celebrated in Belarus. Folk games and traditional ceremonies are part of them. One of the main traditions of Kupalle is search for the mythic paparats-kvetka (fern flower). Those, who find it, will enjoy good luck for the whole year; all their wishes will come true. Maslenitsa is a ceremony at the junction of two seasons; it sees off winter and meets spring. Popular festivals of folk music, dancing and national costumes are organized at the time of Maslenitsa.
New Year is widely celebrated all over the country. Preparations to this holiday start a couple of weeks before. The towns and cities of Belarus put on holiday attire; illumination, New Year trees in the squares and New Year fairs add to the holiday mood. The culmination of the festivity is the December 31 – January 1 night, when various concerts and open-air merrymaking take place. January 1 is an official holiday.
The Belarusian people are proud of the country’s past and its traditional culture. The medieval festival “The White Castle” is arranged every spring in Minsk. The spectators can admire performances in costume, combats of knights and ancient music. Every summer, in Belarusian castles (in Lida, Mir, Novogrudok, Nesvizh, etc.) knights’ tournaments and international medieval festivals take place. They attract spectators and participants from many countries of the world.
Music and art also play an important part in the national life of Belarus, with national and international festivals held regularly across the country. The best known of these is the Slavyanskiy Bazaar in Vitebsk.
It's very important to know traditions and customs of different people. It will help you to know more about the history and life of different nations and countries.
Questions: 1. What are the main religious and public holidays in Belarus? 2. What Belarusian customs and traditions can you name? 3. What festivals are held in Belarus? 4. Why is it important to know the customs and traditions of different people?