Четыре основные формы глагола

В английском языке имеются всего четыре простые глагольные формы (все остальные формы – сложные, так как образуются с помощью вспомогательных глаголов). Их нужно обязательно знать, поскольку они используются и для образования всех сложных форм.

Iформа – Инфинитив

IIформа – Прошедшее неопределенное время (PastSimple/Indefinite)

IIIформа – Причастие прошедшего времени (ParticipleII)

IVформа – Причастие настоящего времени (ParticipleI)

Настоящее неопределенное время (Present Indefinite/Simple)

Утвердительная форма настоящего неопределенного времени для всех лиц, кроме третьего лица единственного числа, совпадает с формой инфинитива без to:

Iread. – Я читаю.

Youread. –Вы читаете.

Weread. – Мы читаем.

Theyread. – Они читают.

Форма третьего лица единственного числа настоящего времени образуется при помощи окончания –s:

Heworks. – Он работает.

Sheworks. – Она работает.

Itworks. – Оно (например, радио) работает.

Вопросительная форма образуется с помощью вспомогательных глаголов do(does):

Doyouwork? – Вы работаете?

Doesshework? – Она работает?

Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола todoв настоящем времени, частицыnot, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

We do not (don’t) work. – Мы не работаем.

She does not (doesn’t) work. – Она не работает.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I play He She plays It We You play They	Do I play? he Does she play? it we Do you play? they	I don’t play He She doesn’t play It We You don’t play They

Настоящее неопределенное время (Present Indefinite) употребляется:

1) для выражения обычного повторяющегося действия. Для указания на повторный характер действия могут употребляться слова every day (week, month) каждый день (неделю, месяц), daily ежедневно и др.	We drink coffee every morning. Мы пьем кофе каждое утро.
2) для передачи общеизвестных фактов, простых истин, действий и состояний, происходящих независимо от желания человека:	The Earth goes round the Sun. Земля вращается вокруг Солнца.
3) для выражения ряда последовательных действий в настоящем.	I get up at seven, do morning exercises, then I have breakfast. Я встаю в семь часов, делаю утреннюю зарядку, затем завтракаю.
4) для выражения ближайшего будущего действия запланированного обязательно расписанием, планом, графиком, договоренностью, распоряжением (в предложении обычно имеется обстоятельство времени: soon – (скоро), tomorrow – (завтра) и т.п.	My father goes to London next week. Мой отец едет в Лондон на следующей неделе.

Для более глубокого усвоения грамматического материала рекомендуется выполнить следующие упражнения.

Упр. 34. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

(USUALLY) 1. My working day (to begin) at seven o’clock. 2. I (to get up), (to switch) on the radio, and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes. At half past seven we (to have breakfast). My father and I (to leave) home at eight oclock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o’clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living room. We (to watch TV) and (to talk).

Упр. 35. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

1. She (to learn) English. 2. I (to like) music. 3. My brother (to be) a school-boy. He (to go) to school. 4. Michael (to do) his lessons every day. 5. She (to live) in this house. 6. After supper my sister (to go) for a walk. 7. We (to visit) our grandparents very often. 8. The girl (to sing) very well. 9. My father (to work) at school. 10. Usually I (to have) dinner at 3 o’clock. 11. He (to want) to become a doctor. 12. Our mother (to come) home very late. 13. His brother (to go) in for sports. 14. She (to like) reading very much. 15. They often (to take) a bus.

Упр. 36. Образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную форму предложений.

1. He goes to school every day. 2. My sister works here. 3. They eat a lot. 4. We work every day. 5. I come from Belarus. 6. He comes from Germany. 7. They live in the USA. 8. He plays football every day. 9. I visit my parents very often. 10. His father works at an office. 11. She gets up at seven o’clock. 12. They play tennis very often. 13. We go to the cinema on Saturdays. 14. He wants to become a pilot. 15. My brother watches television every night. 16. I read newspaper every day. 17. Her father finishes his work at six o’clock. 18. Nick goes to bed at nine. 19. He goes to school by bus. 20. We skate once a week in winter.

Упр. 37. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. Do you get up at 7 o’clock? – Yes, I …/No, I … .

2. Does your working day begin at 9 o’clock? – Yes, it …/ No, it … .

3. Do you have brothers or sisters? – Yes, I …/No, I … .

4. Does your sister study at the university? Yes, she …/ No, it … .

5. Does you brother go to school? Yes, he …/ No, he … .

6. Do you work as an economist? Yes, I … /No, I … .

7. Do economists have much work? Yes, they … /No, they … .

8. Does it take you 20 minutes to get to your work? Yes, it … /No, it … .

Упр.38. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

(USUALLY) 1. Andrea Schatzmann, an exchange student from Switzerland, (to live) with the Connor family in San Francisco. She (to get) up at 7 and (to take) shower. She normally (not to have) breakfast. At half past seven she (to catch) the bus. Her first class (to start) at a quarter past eight. She always (to have) lunch at 12 o’clock at the cafeteria. The cafeteria food (to be) OK and it (to be) cheap too. Her afternoon classes (to be) from 1.15 till 3.00 pm, so she (to be) at school all day. She usually (to have) dinner with the Connors at about 8.00. On Saturday she (to have) lunch at the restaurant. Once a week, usually on Sundays morning, she (to go) swimming. A few friends usually (to go) along, too. One of her friends has got a car, so he (to pick) them up and then he (to drive) them home. After swimming they often (to go) out for a pizza. On Saturday evenings she sometimes (to go) out with friends to a party or may be to a concert. Sometimes she (to invite) friends to her house and they (to listen) to music and (to talk). Mr. and Mrs. Connor often (to take) them for a camping weekend to the seaside or to the mountains. From time to time she (to call) her family in Switzerland. They never (to talk) for very long because it (to be) expensive. She usually (to call) on Sundays because it (to be) cheaper then.

2. What time Andrea usually (to get) up? 3. When she (to catch) the bus? 4. She (to take) a shower in the morning? 5. She (to go) home for lunch? 6. When she (to go) swimming? 7. How she (to get) to the pool? 8. What she (to do) on Saturday evenings?

Ключи к упражнениям Упр.34. 1. Begins. 2. Get up, switch, do. Takes. Have. Leave. Takes. Is, leaves. Gather. Watch, talk. Упр.35. 1. Learns. 2. Like. 3. Is. Goes. 4. Does. 5. Lives. 6. Goes. 7. Visit. 8. Sings. 9. Works. 10. Have. 11.Wants. 12. Comes. 13. Goes. 14. Likes. 15. Take.

Упр.36. 1. He doesn’t go to school every day. Does he go to school every day? 2. My sister doesn’t work here. Does my sister work here? 3. They don’t eat a lot. Do they eat a lot? 4. We don’t work every day. Do we work every day? 5. I don’t come from Belarus. Do I come from Belarus? 6. He doesn’t come from Germany. Does he come from Germany? 7. They don’t live in the USA. Do they live in the USA? 8. He doesn’t play football every day. Does he play football every day? 9. I don’t visit my parents very often. Do I visit my parents very often? 10. His father doesn’t work at an office. Does his father work at an office? 11. She doesn’t get up at seven o’clock. Does she get up at seven o’clock? 12. They don’t play tennis very often. Do they play tennis very often? 13. We don’t go to the cinema on Saturdays. Do we go to the cinema on Saturdays? 14. He doesn’t want to become a pilot. Does he want to become a pilot? 15. My brother doesn’t watch television every night. Does my brother watch television every night? 16. I don’t read newspaper every day. Do I read newspaper every day? 17. Her father doesn’t finish his work at six o’clock. Does her father finish his work at six o’clock? 18. Nick doesn’t go to bed at nine. Does Nick go to bed at nine? 19. He doesn’t go to school by bus. Does he goes to school by bus? 20. We don’t skate once a week in winter. Do we skate once a week in winter?

Упр.38. 1. Lives. Gets, takes. Doesn’t have. Catches. Starts. Has. Is, is. Are, is. Has. Has. Goes. Go. Picks, drives. Go. Goes. Invites, listen, talk. Take. Calls. Talk, is. Calls, is.

2. What time does Andrea usually get up? 3. When does she catch the bus? 4. Does she take a shower in the morning? 5. Does she go home for lunch? 6. When does she go swimming? 7. How does she get to the pool? 8. What does she do on Saturday evenings?

Прочитайте грамматический материал по теме блока и последовательно выполняйте все задания, следуя указаниям.