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Прошедшее неопределенное время (Past Indefinite/ Simple)

Past Indefinite образуется:

Для  правильныхглаголов путем прибавления во всех лицах окончания -ed к форме инфинитива.

Группа глаголов, называемых неправильными, образуют Past Indefinite различными иными способами (см. таблицу форм неправильных глаголов). Форма глаголов в Past Indefinite обычно называется II-й формой глагола.

Вопросительная и отрицательная формыкак правильных, так и неправильных глаголов образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола do в прошедшем времени –didи инфинитива смыслового глагола (безto). При этом смысловой глагол теряет окончание -ed, которое переходит к вспомогательному do, образуя форму did.

Did you see him yesterday? – Вы его видели вчера?

Отрицательная форма строится так:

Ididnot(didn’t)seehimyesterday. – Я не видел его вчера.

Утвердительная форма

Вопросительная форма

Отрицательная форма

I

He

She

It played

We

You

They

I

he

she

Did it play?

we

you

they

I

He

She

It didn’t play

We

You

They

Прошедшее неопределенное время употребляется:

1) для выражения действия, постоянного признака, свойства предмета или общеизвестного факта, совершившегося (имевшего место) в прошедшем отрезке времени. Единичные действия в прошлом обычно употребляются с такими обозначениями времени, как: yesterday –  вчера; the other day  – на днях; on Sunday  – в воскресенье; in 1980 – в 1980 году; last week  – на прошлой неделе; an hour ago – час тому назад; a month ago –  месяц назад; long ago – давно и т.п.

She slept very badly.

Она спала очень плохо.

2) для выражения обычных, регулярно повторяющихся действий в прошлом:

He always came to school on time.

Он всегда приходил в школу вовремя.

3) для выражения ряда прошедших действий, передаваемых в той последовательности, в которой они происходили:

He opened the door and went out of the room.

Он открыл дверь и вышел из комнаты.

Таблица глаголов, изменяющихся не по общим правилам

Неопределенная форма

The Infinitive

Прошедшее время

Past Indefinite

Причастие прошедшего времени

Participle II

1. be [bi:] быть

was [w z],

were [wə:]

been [bi:n]

2. become [bi`k m] становиться

became [bi`keim]

become [bi`k m]

3. begin [bi`gin] начинать

began [bi`gæn]

begun [bi`g n]

4. blow [blou] дуть

blew [blu:]

blown [bloun]

5. break [breik] ломать

broke [brouk]

broken [broukn]

6. bring [briŋ] приносить

brought [br :t]

brought [br t]

7. build [bild] строить

built [bilt]

built [bilt]

8. burn [b :n] гореть

burnt [b :nt]

burnt [b :nt]

9. buy [bai] покупать

bought [b :t]

bought [b :t]

10. can [kæn] мочь

could [kud]

11. catch [kæt] ловить

caught [k :t]

caught [k :t]

12. come [k m] приходить

came [keim]

come [k m]

13. cost [k st] стоить

cost [k st]

cost [k st]

14. cut [k t] резать

cut [k t]

cut [k t]

15. deal [di:l] иметь дело с …

dealt [delt]

dealt [delt]

16. do [du:] делать

did [did]

done [d n]

17. draw [dr :] рисовать

drew [dru:]

drawn [dr :n]

18. drink [driŋk] пить

drank [dræŋk]

drunk [dr ŋk]

19. drive [draiv] ехать

drove [drouv]

driven [drivn]

20. eat [i:t] есть

ate [et]

eaten [i:tn]

21. fall [f :l] падать

fell [fel]

fallen [f :lən]

22. feel [fi:l] чувствовать

felt [felt]

felt [felt]

23. find [faind] находить

found [faund]

found [faund]

24. fly [flai] летать

flew [flu:]

flown [floun]

25. forget [fə`get] забывать

forgot [fə`g t]

forgotten [fə`g tn]

26. get [get] получать

got [g t]

got [g t]

27. give [giv] давать

gave [geiv]

given [givn]

28. go [gou] идти

went [went]

gone [g n]

29. grow [grou] расти

grew [gru:]

grown [groun]

30. hang [hæŋ] вешать

hung [h ŋ]

hung [h ŋ]

31. have [hæv] иметь

had [hæd]

had [hæd]

32. hear [hiə] слышать

heard [hə:d]

heard [hə:d]

33. hide [haid] прятать

hid [hid]

hidden [hidn]

34. hurt [hə:t] причинять

hurt [hə:t]

hurt [hə:t]

35. keep [ki:p] хранить

kept [kept]

kept [kept]

36. know [nou] знать

knew [nju:]

known [noun]

37. learn [lə:n] учиться

learned [lə:nd]

learnt [lə:nt]

learned [lə:nd]

learnt [lə:nt]

38. leave [li:v] оставлять

left [left]

left [left]

39. lend [lend] давать взаймы

lent [lent]

lent [lent]

40. let [let] позволять

let [let]

let [let]

41. lose [lu:z] терять

lost [l st]

lost [l st]

42. make [meik] делать

made [meid]

made [meid]

43. mean [mi:n] значить

meant [ment]

meant

44. meet [mi:t] встречать

met [met]

met [met]

45. put [put] класть

put [put]

put [put]

46. read [ri:d] читать

read [red]

read [red]

47. ride [raid] ездить верхом

rode [roud]

ridden [ridn]

48. rise [raiz] подниматься

rose [rouz]

risen [rizn]

49. run [r n] бежать

ran [ræn]

run [r n]

50. say [sei] сказать

said [sed]

said [sed]

51. see [si:] видеть

saw [s :]

seen [si:n]

52. sell [sel] продавать

sold [sould]

sold [sould]

53. send [send] посылать

sent [sent]

sent [sent]

54. set [set] устанавливать

set [set]

set [set]

55. show [ou] показывать

showed [oud]

shown [oun]

56. sit [sit] сидеть

sat [sæt]

sat [sæt]

57. sing [siŋ] петь

sang [sæŋ]

sung [s ŋ]

58. speak [spi:k] говорить

spoke [spouk]

spoken [spoukn]

59. spend [spend] проводить

spent [spent]

spent [spent]

60. stand [stænd] стоять

stood [stu:d]

stood [stu:d]

61. sweep [swi:p] подметать

swept [swept]

swept [swept]

62. swim [swim] плавать

swam [swæm]

swum [sw m]

63. take [teik] брать

took [tuk]

taken [teikn]

64. tear [tə] рвать

tore [t :]

torn [t n]

65. tell [tel] рассказывать

told [tould]

told [tould]

66. teach [ti:t] обучать

taught [t :t]

taught [t t]

67. think [iŋk] думать

thought [ɔ:t]

thought [θɔ:t]

68. throw [rou] бросать

threw [ru:]

thrown [roun]

69.understand

[, ndə`stænd] понимать

understood

[, ndə`stu:d]

understood

[, ndə`stu:d]

70. wear [wə] носить

wore [w :]

worn [w :n]

71. win [win] выигрывать

won [w n]

won [w n]

72. write [rait] писать

wrote [rout]

written [ritn]

Для более глубокого усвоения грамматического материала рекомендуется выполнить следующие упражнения.

Упр.39. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.

1. Mr. Smith (to fix) his car yesterday morning. 2. His wife (to water) plants in the garden. 3. Their children (to clean) the yard and then they (to play) basketball. 4. In the evening their boys (to listen) to the music and (to watch) TV. 5. Their little girl (to cry) a little and then (to smile). 6. Her brothers (to shout) at her. 7. Mrs. Smith (to work ) in the kitchen. 8. She (to bake) an apple pie. 9. She (to cook) a good dinner. 10. She (to wash) the dishes after dinner. 11. The children (to clean) their teeth, and (to go) to bed. 12. Their mother (to change) her clothes and (to brush) her hair. 13. Then she (to talk) on the phone. 14. Her husband (to smoke) a cigarette and (to talk) to his wife. 15. They (to wait) for the bus. 16. The bus (to arrive) at nine o’clock. 17. They (to visit) their friends. 18. Mr. and Mrs. Smith (to rest) very well last night at their friends.

Упр.40. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.

1. I (to work) at school 3 years ago. 2. We (to study) at university in 1998. 3. Our children (to play) football last year. 4. My friend (to live) in America 2 years ago. 5. I (to help) my Granny at the garden. 6. When we watched television together we always (vote) on what to watch. 7. When he first (fly) across the Atlantic he felt a great sense of relief. 8. When I was in Paris I (come) across a nice little restaurant in a nice little street. 9. When I told him the story he (burst) out laughing. 10. When he (find) out that she was going out with another man he beat her up. 11. The very strong wind (blow) away our tent. 12. The police (deal) with his case. 13. The lake (freeze) over last week. 14. I (lie) to them about the accident.15. I (feed) the horse and left the stable. 16. He (fall) right into the river. 17. He (dig) up the garden in two days. 18. He (cut) up the cake into five equal parts.

Упр.41. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.

1. We (get) off the bus after two hours of travelling. 2. He (swim) for at least two hours. 3. I went into the hall and (hang) up my coat on the coat hanger. 4. I (keep) away from him. I knew how vicious he was. 5. I could not decide at first but then I firmly (make) up my mind. 6. When he was really getting on my nerves I (send) him away. 7. He (cut) up the cake into five equal parts. 8. I did not want to cook so we (go) out for dinner. 9. The hammer (fall) off the table right on my foot. 10. He (lead) the group through the jungle. 11. I (kneel) down at her knees and asked her to marry me. 12. At first I could not put up with him but then I really (grow) fond of him. 13. The sun (shine) into the dusty room through a tiny hole in the wall. 14. My grandfather (die) at the age of 77. 15. The house had been on fire for half an hour when the firemen (arrive). 16. He (teach) me German. 17. While we were waiting in the queue I (tell) her all about the accident. 18. We (seek) some relief from the scorching sun in the shade. 19. Everything (seem) so romantic in the moonlight. 20. They (pay) far too much for the car, in my opinion.

Упр.42.Образуйте

a) отрицательную форму предложений.

1. We (not to rest) yesterday. 2. I (not to cook) my breakfast. 3. My mother (not to like) milk in her childhood. 4. On Monday we (not to have) five lessons. 5. At the lesson we (not to write) dictations. 6. I (not to enjoy) the party yesterday. 7. I (not to like) math when I was at school. 8. Tom (not to wake ) up early yesterday morning. 9. He (not to sleep) well last night. 10. They (not to stay) ther long.

б) вопросительную форму предложений

1. You (to like) your school? 2. You (to work) at the hospital last week? 3. You (to live) in this house last year? 4. Where you (to study)? 5. Your mother (to cook) supper yesterday? 6. You (to prepare ) your homework? 7. You (travel) much? 8. Where you (to go)? 9. You (to go) alone or with your friends? 10. You (to meet) interesting people?

Упр.43. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Simple.

1. His sister (to study) English every day. 2. She (to study) English two hours ago. 3. You (to come ) home at 6 o’clock yesterday? – No, I … . Yesterday I (to come) home at half past eight. I (to be) very tired. I (to have) dinner with my family. 4. I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock every day. 5. I (not to have) history lessons every day. 6. We (not to rest) yesterday. 7. My brother (not to drink) coffee yesterday. 8. My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work, but yesterday she (to walk) to her office. 9. Your sister (to go) to school every day? – Yes, she … . 10. Last week she (to write) a funny story about her pet. 11. Mary (to like) writing stories. 12. We (to like) to go the beach. 13. We (to enjoy) swimming in the ocean last weekend. 14. He never (to shout) at his students. 15. My friend (to know) Spanish very well. 16. It (to take) you long to find his house yeaterday? 17. When your lessons (to be) over on Monday? 18. I (to have) dinner with my family yesterday. 19. You always (to get up) at seven o’clock? – No, yesterday I ( to get) up at 6. 20. Who (to paint) the world-known picture “Mona Lisa” ? 21. She (to know) all the works of Chopin. She (to enjoy) listening to his waltz last night. 22. You (to have) a PT lesson yesterday? 20. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers as he (to be) very busy.

Ключи к упражнениям

Упр.39. 1. Fixed. 2. Watered. 3. Cleaned, played. 4. Listened, watched. 5. Cried, smiled. 6. Shouted. 7. Worked. 8. Baked. 9. Cooked. 10. Washed. 11. Cleaned, went. 12. Changed, brushed. 13. Talked. 14. Smoked, talked. 15. Waited. 16. Arrived. 17. Visited. 18. Rested.

Упр.40. 1. Worked. 2. Studied. 3. Played. 4. Lived. 5. Helped. 6. Voted. 7. Flew. 8. Came. 9. Burst. 10. Found. 11. Blew. 12. Dealt. 13. Froze. 14. Lay.15. Fed . 16. Fell. 17. Dug. 18. Cut.

Упр.41. 1. Got. 2. Swam. 3. Hung. 4. Kept. 5. Made.6. Sent. 7. Cut.8. Went. 9. Fell. 10. Led. 11. Knelt. 12. Grew. 13. Shone. 14. Died. 15. Arrived. 16. Taught. 17. Told. 18. Sought. 19. Seemed. 20. Paid.

Упр.42. a) Didn’t rest. 2. Didn’t cook. 3. Didn’t like. 4. Didn’t have. 5. Didn’t write. 6. Didn’t enjoy. 7. Didn’t like. 8. Didn’t wake up. 9. Didn’t sleep. 10. Didn’t stay.

б) 1. Did you like? 2. Did you work? 3. Did you live? 4. Where did you study? 5. Did your mother cook? 6. Did you prepare? 7. Did you travel? 8. Where did you go? 9. Did you go? 10. Did you meet?

Упр.43. 1. Studies. 2. Studied. 3. Did you come home at 6 o’clock yesterday? – No, I didn’t. Yesterday I came home at half past eight. I was very tired. I had dinner with my family. 4. Go. 5. Don’t have. 6. Didn’t rest. 7. Didn’t drink. 8. Takes, walked. 9. Does your sister go to school every day? – Yes, she does. 10. Wrote. 11. Likes. 12. Like. 13. Enjoyed. 14. Shouts. 15. Knows. 16. Did it take you long to find his house yesterday? 17. When are (were) your lessons over on Monday? 18. Had. 19. Do you always get up at seven o’clock? – No, yesterday I got up at 6. 20. Painted? 21. Knows. Enjoyed. 22. Did you have a PT lesson yesterday? 23. Didn’t read, was.

Прочитайте грамматический материал по теме блока и последовательно выполняйте все задания, следуя указаниям.