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Прошедшее совершенное время (Past Perfect)

PastPerfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в прошедшем времени (had) и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола – Past Participle (III-я форма или ed-форма). На русский язык переводится прошедшим временем.

Hehadreadthebookby5o’clockyesterday. – Вчера к пяти часам я прочитал книгу.

Вопросительная форма образуется путем постановки вспомогательного глагола had( перед подлежащим:

Had he read the book by 5 o’clock yesterday?

Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

He had not read the book by 5 o’clock yesterday.

Утвердительная форма

Вопросительная форма

Отрицательная форма

I

We

You

He had played

She

It

They

I

we

you

Had he played?

she

it

they

I

We

You

He had not played

She

It

They

Прошедшее совершенное время употребляется:

1) для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом.  По смыслу эта форма представляет собой "предпрошедшее" время, так как она описывает уже совершенное прошедшее действие по отношению к моменту, также являющемуся прошедшим.

Момент в прошлом определяется:

а)  обстоятельствами времени более или менее точно указывающими время, к которому действие закончилось: by two oclock  – к двум часам; by noon к полудню; by Saturday  – к субботе; by the 15th of September к 15 сентября; by then к этому/тому времени; by that time   к тому времени; by the end of the weekк концу недели; by the end of the yearк концу года.

She thanked me for what I had done for her.

Она поблагодарила меня за то, что я сделал для нее.

By six o'clock on Sunday I had already learned all the words.

К шести часам в воскресенье я уже выучил все слова.

b) Другим прошедшим действием, выраженным глаголом в Past Indefinite, которое произошло после события, выраженного формой Past Perfect:

When we came to the station the train had already gone.

Когда мы приехали на станцию, поезд уже ушел.

Для более глубокого усвоения грамматического материала рекомендуется выполнить следующие упражнения.

Упр.72. Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в Past Perfect.

1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build). 2. He (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997. 3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) her homework. 4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make). 5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) six weeks before. 6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order). 7. I could not remember the poem we (learn) the week before. 8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) from the tree. 9. (he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London? 10. She (not / ride) a horse before that day. 11. Before we arrived at school the classes (start) . 12. I felt exhausted because I (run) ten miles. 13. He (study) that book before he arrived in Pakistan. 14. He (sell) all the copies of the thesaurus before we got there. 15. We went to his place for dinner but to our great surprise he (have) his dinner. 16. When I got up , rather late, the sun (rise). 17. Before we got there they (begin) the show. 18. He (finish) his work before I began mine. 19. It (begin) to rain when I stepped out of the house. 20. Soon after they (complete) their homework they ran out to play with the dog.

Упр. 73. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную форму.

1. The grass was yellow because it (not/rain) all summer. 2. The lights went off because we (not/pay) the electricity bill. 3. The children (not/do) their homework, so they were in trouble. 4. They (not/eat) so we went to a restaurant. 5. We couldn’t go into the concert because we (not/bring) our tickets. 6. She said that she (not/visit) the UK before. 7. Julie and Anne (not/meet) before the party. 8. I (not/have) breakfast when he arrived. 9. He (not/use) email before, so I showed him how to use it. 10. You (not/study) for the test, so you were very nervous.

Упр. 74. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную форму.

1. When I arrived at the cinema, the film had started. 2. She had lived in China before she went to Thailand. 3. He had met her somewhere before. 4. She told me she had studied a lot before the exam.

Упр. 75. Поставьте глаголы в скобках либо в форму Past Perfect либо Past Simple.

1. First: Diego ate dinner. Then: Pablo came over.

Diego (eat) dinner already by the time Pablo (come) over.

2. First: I finished my homework. Then: I went to bed.

I (go) to bed after I (finish) my homework.

3. First: Sam washed the dishes. Then: Sam turned on the TV.

Sam (turn) on the TV after he (wash) the dishes.

4. First: Frank threw the football. Then: Frank fell down.

Frank (fall) down after he (throw) the football.

5. First: I bought an airplane ticket. Then: Sara found a really good price.

After I (buy) an airplane ticket already, Sara (find) a really good price.

6. Last night I started to make dinner at 5:30, and finished at 5:50. At 6:00, my husband came home. By the time my husband (come) home, I (make) dinner already.

7. Yesterday Maria fed the cat and then she went to work.

Maria (go) to work after she (feed) the cat.

8. Peter was late. By the time he (get) to the theater, the movie (start) already.

9. The teacher (give) an exam by the time Jorge (arrive) at school.

10. We (play) cards for several hours after the children (go) to bed.

Упр. 76. Поставьте глаголы в скобках либо в форму Past Perfect либо Past Simple.

1. After Fred (to spend) his holiday in Italy he (to want) to learn Italian. 2. Jill (to phone) Dad at work before she (to leave) for her trip. 3. Susan (to turn on) the radio after she (to wash) the dishes. 4. When she (to arrive) the match already (to start). 5. After the man (to come) home he (to feed) the cat. 6. Before he (to sing) a song he (to play) the guitar. 7. She (to watch) a video after the children (to go) to bed. 8. After Eric (to make) breakfast he (to phone) his friend. 9. I (to be) very tired because I (to study) too much. 10. They (to ride) their bikes before they (to meet) their friends.

Ключи к упражнениям

Упр.72. 1. Had built. 2. Hadn’t been. 3. Had already done. 4. Had made. 5. Had put on. 6. Had not ordered. 7. Had learnt. 8. Had fallen. 9. Had he phoned? 10. Had not ridden. 11. Had started . 12. Had run. 13. Had studied. 14. Had sold. 15. Had had. 16. Had risen. 17. Had begun. 18. Has finished. 19. Had begun. 20. Had completed.

Упр. 73. 1. Hadn’t rained. 2. Hadn’t paid. 3. Hadn’t done. 4. Hadn’t eaten. 5. Hadn’t brought. 6. Hadn’t visited. 7. Hadn’t met. 8. Hadn’t had. 9. Hadn’t used. 10. Hadn’t studied.

Упр. 74. 1. Had the film started when I arrived at the cinema? 2. Had she lived in China before she went to Thailand? 3. Had he met her before? 4. Had she studied a lot before the exam?

Упр. 75. 1. Diego had already eaten dinner by the time Pablo came over. 2. I went to bed after I had finished my homework. 3. Sam turned on the TV after he had washed the dishes. 4. Frank fell down after he had thrown the football. 5. After I had bought an airplane ticket already, Sara found a really good price. 6. By the time my husband came home, I had already made dinner. 7. Maria went to work after she had fed the cat. 8. By the time he got to the theater, the movie had already started. 9. The teacher had given an exam by the time Jorge arrived at school. 10. We played cards for several hours after the children had gone to bed.

Упр. 76. 1. Had spent, wanted. 2. Had phoned, left. 3. Turned, had washed. 4. Arrived, had started. 5. Had come, fed. 6. Sang, had played. 7. Watched, had gone. 8. Had made, phoned. 9. Was, had studied. 10. Had riden, met.

Прочитайте грамматический материал по теме блока и последовательно выполняйте все задания, следуя указаниям.