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Terms and Vocabulary

molecule

молекула

a hot water bath

водяная баня

hydrogen

водород

vaporize,v

испарять(ся)

carbon

углерод

vapor,n

пар

separating

сепарация

a naked flame

открытое пламя

distillation

перегонка

flammable,adj

огнеопасный; легковоспламеняющийся

a fume cupboard

вытяжной шкаф, лабораторная тяга

condense,v

конденсировать(ся); сгущать(ся); сжижать(ся)

spit, v

разбрызгивать, шипеть

drip down

стекать

side arm

боковой отвод

a bung stem

пробка

fractional distillation

фракционная (дробная) перегонка

fractionating column

фракционирующая ректификационная колонна

a conical flask

коническая колба

fractional distillation columns

ректификационная колонна перегонки

a glass spiral

стеклянный змеевик

Celsius

термометр Цельсия; шкала термометра Цельсия

a colorless liquid

бесцветная жидкость

While watching

b) Fill in the gaps with the terms you hear.

The hydrocarbons with low boiling points begin ---- ---- immediately. They are ---- . So, it is safely not to heat with ---- ---- ---- . As the ---- rises, it is in the side arm where it cools and ---- . This happens at about 40 degrees Celsius. The hydrocarbons, which boil at this temperature, ---- ---- the side arm and form the first fraction. It is ---- ---- ---- . The temperature stays at around 40 until all the hydrocarbons with this boiling point are vaporized.

c) State whether the following statements are T (True) or F (False). Correct the false ones.

  1. Crude oil molecules are made of oxygen and carbon.

  2. Complex molecules with many atoms form long – chain molecules.

  3. The simple operation of distillation takes place in a lab.

  4. The hydrocarbons, which boil at 40 degrees Celsius, form the first fraction.

  5. The second fraction is slightly yellow in color.

6. The hydrocarbons which are still vaporous at the very bottom of the column condense to liquid.

7. The huge fractional distillation column becomes cooler towards the top.

8. Hydrocarbons with lower boiling points are collected near the top.

After watching

d) Answer the following questions.

  1. What is the lecture about?

  2. How large are the molecules in the oil mixture?

  3. What temperature is enough for the separation to be started?

  4. Where does the most vapor condense?

  5. What is a conical flask for?

  6. What does the boiling point depend on?

  7. Why do we start separating with a bung stem?

  8. Do you consider hydrocarbons to be inflammable?

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