11. Fill in the gaps with the most suitable words or terms from the text.

1. Completion is a stage when a well is prepared for oil or gas _______.

2. A steel pipe is secured with ______ to provide structural _____of the well.

3. _____ are applied to prevent the migration of formation sands into the production tubulars.

4. The better is quality of _____the higher the well operation efficiency.

5. The application of enhanced recovery methods allow reservoir engineers to increase the ultimate ________ ______ .

6. Drilling preparation operations first of all include selection of location for a _______ _____ .

7. Perforations are made in the casing section which passes through the ______ _____.

12. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words in brackets.

1. The top of an oil rig (оснащена) with a certain set of valves.

2. Such enhanced recovery methods as (заводнение, нагнетание паром) are applied to increase reservoir pressure.

3. (Буровая установка) is a complex of drilling machines, mechanisms and equipment in the (буровая площадка).

4. The well (ликвидировать) when it no longer produces oil or gas.

5. A small diameter of the tubing allows increasing the velocity of (углеводородов).

6. Injection wells are used for injection into (продуктивный пласт) to maintain (давление в продуктивном пласте).

7. (Буровой шлам) are carried to the surface by the drilling fluid which (прокачивается) by special equipment.

13. Read the conversations and underline the process they are talking about.

1. -Roughly how much would it cost?

- In your case, it’s better not to waste money at all.

Planning Abandonment Enhanced oil recovery

2. – We have a small problem which can lead to well shut-in.

– It’s quite serious. You should contact our service company today.

Completion Workovers Fracturing

3. – How far is it?

– Five hundred kilometers.

– So, we can transport everything in a day.

Planning Casing Drilling

4. – I see we only have large diameters

– Only tomorrow we’ll need smaller diameter.

– That’s OK. Everything will be ready.

Production Injection Completion

14. 9

A. Listen to the description of the drilling process and fill in the missing words (no more than THREE words). The first word is given as an example.

The world’s (0) dependence on oil and gas is a given. Drilling a well is a complex process involving different service companies each one adherent to the clock scheduling, safety and (1) __________. The first task is to prepare the location. Next a pilot hole is dug at the precise location marked by the survey crew for the main hole, two other holes, (2) __________ and rathole, are also dug. Two shifts of complete crews are assigned to the drill site for the entire project. Drilling happens in stages: drilling, running and (3) ___________. To help keep cuttings from plugging the hole the mud passes through shakers that (4) __________ and send them to the bit. The blowout preventer or BOP contains high-pressure safety valves designed to (5) __________ of underground gases or fluids in order to prevent blowout from occurring.

The bit is a cutting element used in (6) __________. As the bit turns it crushes the rock efficiently. When the hole reaches the designated depth, the derrickhands circulate fluid to condition it for the logging, the process of measuring and (7) __________. If everything tests positively the crew inserts the last string of (8) __________ that runs the entire length of the hole and cements the casing in the hole.

Next the workover unit trips out of the hole and picks up a (9) __________ which the crew lowers into the well to the production depth. An electrical signal is sent down the wireline, firing the gun and igniting explosive charges that create holes connecting the wellbore to the reservoir to (10) __________ the flow of hydrocarbons. The final step is to install a pump jack or production well head called a Christmas tree on the well. It is then time to produce the well and plan for any future field development.

B. 9 Listen to the text again and choose the answer – A, B, C or D – that best suits the information from the text.

1. To prepare the well location implies

A. construction of an access road and availability of utilities supply lines.

B. introduction of electricity generation and waste water discharge systems.

C. deforestation and drainage of the area.

D. training of the personnel involved.

2. After being moved and assembled the rig is inspected in order to make sure

A. it is still intact and able to operate.

B. it is equipped and fitted with all necessary up-to-date components.

C. it meets all specifications and safety standards.

D. it looks attractive for investors.

3. Tripping out is performed to

A. remove the entire string of drill pipe.

B. replace a worn-out drill bit.

C. keep the drill crew busy.

D. prolongate the drilling process.

4. An additional mud system used to clean the drilling fluid from cuttings includes

A. desanders, debubblers and desilters

B. decutters, desilters and degassers.

C. degassers, desanders and desilters.

D. descreeners, desanders and descalers.

5. Downhole information obtained by logging allows determining

A. if the well is drilled well enough to produce oil or gas.

B. if the well is plugged with cuttings.

C. if the well is able to meet expectations.

D. if the well is completed or abandoned.

6. The purpose of fracturing a well is to

A. release the pressure and allow oil and gas to flow into the wellbore.

B. pump air, sand and fluid into the wellbore under very high pressure.

C. keep perforations open to prevent them from being plugged.

D. test the walls of the well whether they are solid.

7. The name of the device that controls the flow of hydrocarbons is

A. a monitoring unit.

B. a flow valve.

C. a choke.

D. a tubing.

8. According to the text, drilling for oil and gas helps us

A. make more money and raise the life standards up.

B. meet growing needs for energy.

C. produce high-quality oil-derived products.

D. affect economic ratings on world’s stock exchanges.