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19. Use information from the text and words. Make up a dialogue based on the situation.

STUDENT A: You are a school leaver (абитуриент). You don’t know which department – geophysics or geology and oil-gas field development - to choose. You come to the entrance examination office (приемная комисия) and ask questions to know more information about specializations.

STUDENT B: You are a person at the entrance examination office. There is a shortage of students at geophysics department. Persuade (убедите) the school leaver to enter this department and specialization. Talk about

  • advantages of the specialization

  • its prospects for future jobs

  • conditions of studies there

  • courses or subjects, famous teachers, skills you can get there

  • some bonuses in studies and future jobs connected with the specialization.

  1. Tell about geophysical survey according to the given plan using words in brackets.

  1. Aims of geophysical survey and necessary factors to be considered.

(dimensions, anticlines, emphasis is on …, irregular shape, structural and physical properties)

  1. Essence (суть) of geophysical survey and the choice of necessary method.

(measurements, systematically, homogeneity, contrasting properties)

  1. Properties used in geophysical survey.

(most use, to a lesser extent, natural fields of force, necessitate )

  1. Combined approach to geophysical survey.

(many factors, in combination, preliminary, valuable ore deposit)

  1. The proved (оправданное) usage of geophysical survey.

(civil engineering, high accuracy, depth, geology, cost of drilling, relative to, penalties of inaccuracy, cheaper to drill)

  1. Read the text “Significance of Geophysical Exploration” and answer the following questions.

1. How can geophysical exploration be defined?

2. What is the origin of the word “geophysics”?

3. What sciences related to geophysics do you know?

4. Which four physical properties of minerals are most essential for their location?

5. When is geophysical exploration applied?

6. What field is the greatest use of geophysical prospecting made in?

Significance of Geophysical Exploration

Geophysical exploration may be defined as prospecting for mineral deposits and geologic structure by surface measurement of physical quantities.

Aircraft for remote sensing

Geophysical exploration (GE) makes use of phenomena which can be interpreted fully through the fundamental laws of physics, measured, and verified by anyone as long as suitable instruments are used. GE may be considered an application of the principles of geophysics to geological exploration. Derived from the Greek the word “geophysics” means “physics” or “nature” of the earth. It deals with the composition and physical phenomena of the earth and its liquid and gaseous envelopes; it embraces the study of terrestrial magnetism, atmospheric electricity, and gravity; and it includes seismology, volcanology, oceanology, meteorology, and related sciences.

Experience has demonstrated that most subsurface structures and mineral deposits can be located, provided that detectable differences in physical properties exist. The main properties exhibited by the more common rocks and formations are: density, magnetism, elasticity, and electrical conductivity. This entails for major geophysical methods: gravitational, magnetic, seismic, and electrical.

Since GE is the determination of subsurface geologic structure by means of surface physical measurements, it is applicable in industrial fields where knowledge of geologic conditions is essential. It is understood that such applications are advisable only where structures and ore bodies are not exposed, as most geophysical measurements are more expensive than surface geological surveying.

(C.A. Heiland. Geophysical Exploration. New York, 1940)

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