10. Read the text “Pipeline Components”. Look at the diagram and pay attention to the underlined terms in the text.

Fig. 3 Components of a pipeline

A pipeline system is comprised of the following components:

1. line pipe – the main component of every pipeline and is usually metallic (carbon steel / corrosion resistant alloy)

2. pig traps – allow safe loading, launching, receiving and retrieval of pigs without disrupting the fluid in the pipelines;

3. block valve stations – isolate section of the pipeline and limit the release of line contents in case of a leak or pipeline rupture;

4. emergency shut-down valves (ESD) – located at both ends of the

pipeline and enable automatic shut down of the line in case of an emergency;

5. slug catcher – installed at the end of a multi-phase pipeline to prevent slugs and to ensure a constant gas flow into the receiving station;

6. cathodic protection system – installed as a backup to the external coating to prevent corrosion of the external surface of the pipelines;

7. pressure protection system – protects a pipeline when the line pressure exceeds) the max. allowable pressure;

8. telemetry system – permits pipeline monitoring and remote operation from a central location;

9. leak detection system – installed to warn that a leak occurred.

11. Match the terms to their functions.

Example: pressure protection system - protects a pipeline when the line pressure exceeds the max. allowable pressure;

1.	emergency shut-down valves (ESD)	A.	installed to warn that a leak occurred
2.	cathodic protection system	B.	main component of every pipeline
3.	line pipe	C.	isolate section of the pipeline and limit the release of line contents in case of a leak or pipeline rupture
4.	slug catcher	D.	prevent corrosion of the external surface of the pipelines
5.	pig traps	E.	allow safe loading, launching, receiving and retrieval of pigs without disrupting the fluid in the pipelines
6.	telemetry system	F.	prevent slugs and to ensure a constant gas flow into the receiving station;
7.	block valve stations	G.	permits pipeline monitoring and remote operation from a central location;
8.	leak detection system	H.	enable automatic shut down of the line in case of an emergency

12. Give the Russian equivalents to the following terms.

Example: rupture - порыв, образование трещин

1.	corrosion resistant	14.	permit
2.	launching	15.	coating
3.	retrieval	16.	allowable pressure
4.	receiving	17.	exceed
5.	loading	18.	monitoring
6.	disrupt(ing)	19.	remote operation
8.	shut down	20.	warn
9.	emergency	21.	install
10.	leak	22.	line pipe
11.	slug	23.	pipeline
12.	backup	24.	steel
13.	alloy	25.	prevent

13. Pipeline networks are composed of several pieces of equipment that operate together to move products from location to location. The main elements that conform a pipeline system can be summarized as follows: Initial Injection Station (Supply or Inlet station), Compressor / Pump Stations, Partial Delivery Station (Intermediate Stations), Block Valve Station, Regulator Station and Final Delivery Station (Outlet stations). Describe the pipeline schematic.

Example: Initial Injection Station - known also as Supply or Inlet station, is basically the beginning of the system, this is where the product is injected into the line. Storage facilities, such as tank terminals, as well as other devices to push the product through the line, like pumps or compressor are usually located at these locations.

Fig. 4 Pipeline components