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  1. Read the text “Drilling Rig” and fill in the missing words from the box. There is one extra word. Drilling Rig

A drilling rig is a machine which creates 1. holes and/or shafts in the ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing 2. used to drill 3. ,4. wells, or 5. extraction wells or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person. They sample sub-surface mineral 6. , test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be 7. ________ mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs'). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to 8. the surface of the earth's crust.

Drilling rigs can be:

  • Small and portable, such as those used in mineral exploration drilling and environmental investigations.

  • Huge, capable of drilling through thousands of meters of the Earth's crust. Large "mud pumps" circulate drilling 9. ________ through the drill bit and the casing, for cooling and removing the 10. "________ " while a well is drilled. Hoists in the rig can lift hundreds of tons of pipe. Other equipment can force acid or sand into reservoirs to facilitate extraction of the oil or mineral sample; and permanent living accommodation and catering for 11. which may be more than a hundred. Marine rigs may operate many hundreds of miles or kilometres offshore with infrequent crew rotation.

Oil and Natural Gas drilling rigs can be used not only to identify geologic reservoirs but also to create holes that allow the extraction of oil or natural gas from those reservoirs. An oil or gas pumping rig, sometimes called a derrick, is used to retrieve oil / gas from a reservoir.

mud; derrick; penetrate; water; crews; natural gas; mobile; cuttings; oil; holes; deposits; equipment

(Baker R. “A Primer of Oil Well Drilling”, 2001, Austin, Texas)

Terms and Vocabulary

clutch

муфта, соединять

convential

стандартный

deviation

отклонение

grid

батарея, энергетическая система

pipe rack

стеллаж для труб

slant rig

наклонная буровая установка

torque converters

гидротрансформатор

10. Read the following information about foreign drilling rig classification. Fill in the second part of the table about domestic drilling rig classification. Drilling Rig Classification

There are many types and designs of drilling rigs, with many drilling rigs capable of switching or combining different drilling technologies as needed. Drilling rigs can be described using any of the following attributes:

1. by power used

  • electric - the rig is connected to a power grid usually produced by its own generators and uses electric motors to drive individual components such as drawworks, mud pumps and rotary tables.

  • mechanical - the rig uses torque converters, clutches, and transmissions powered by its own engines, often diesel

  • hydraulic - the rig primarily uses hydraulic power

  • pneumatic - the rig is primarily powered by pressurized air

2. by pipe used

  • cable - a cable is used to raise and drop the drill bit or drill string

  • conventional - uses metal drill pipe of varying types

  • coil tubing - uses a giant coil of tube and a downhole drilling motor

3. by height

  • single - can drill only single drill pipes, has no vertical pipe racks (most small drilling rigs)

  • double - can store double pipe stands in pipe racks

  • triple - can store stands composed of three pipes in the pipe rack (most large drilling rigs)

  • quad - can store stands composed of four pipes in the pipe rack

4. by position of derrick

  • conventional - derrick is vertical

  • slant - derrick is at an angle (this is used to achieve deviation without an expensive downhole motor)

1. by power used

2. by pipe used

3. by height

4. by position of derrick

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