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14. Solve the following situations.

Example: Questions: What are slugs? What do slugs in a multi-phase pipeline prevent?

Answer: the accumulation of a liquid (water, oil or condensate) in a pipeline. Slugs prevent or slow down the flow of fluids in a pipeline.

  1. What would happen if a pig trap gets stuck in the pipeline? What solutions must be considered?

  2. In case of a leak (pipeline rupture), block valves isolate this pipeline section. What if the block valves are out of order? What will happen? What solutions must be considered?

  3. Cathode protection system prevents corrosion on the external surface of a pipeline. Describe other methods.

  4. How is a pipeline controlled?

  5. When a leak is detected, what are the necessary steps?

  1. 9 You will hear part of advertisement informing listeners about ampl Multiple Pig Launching System. Put the statements a-g in a right order as they appear in the text.

A

The first pig continues along a pipeline.

B

The kicker line is opened.

C

The pig enters a receiver, pig trap isolation valve closes and the trap is drained.

D

The pig trap isolation valve opens and the kicker line valve reopens.

E

Product flows into the launcher.

F

Pigs are preloaded into a simple cassette.

G

The cassette is inserted into the launcher and a closure door shuts.

16. Read the text “pipe (material)” and fill in the missing information. The first sentence is done for you.

Pipe is a tube 1. or hollow cylinder to convey fluid. The terms 'pipe' and 'tubing' are almost interchangeable. 'Pipe' is generally specified 2._______________, whereas 'tube' is usually defined 3.________________but may be specified by any combination of dimensions (OD, ID, wall thickness). 'Tube' is often made to custom sizes and may often have 4._______________. Also the term "tubing" can be applied to tubes of 5. _______________. The term 'tubing' is more widely used in the USA and 'pipe' elsewhere in the world. Both "pipe" and "tube" imply 6. ______________. Pipe may be specified by standard pipe size designations, or by 7.______________. Many industrial and government standards exist for the production of pipe and tubing.

  1. ………… nominal, outside, or inside diameter and wall thickness.

  2. ………… more specific sizes and tolerances than pipe

  3. …………… by the internal diameter (ID)

  4. ………….. a non-cylindrical nature (i.e. square tubing).

  5. ………. by the outside diameter (OD)

  6. ……… a level of rigidity and permanence.

  7. ………. or hollow cylinder to convey fluid.

17. Fill in the table and record the information from the text according to the following items: type, material, purpose

The manufacturing of pipe uses many materials including ceramic, metal, concrete, and plastic. Pipe may be made from a variety of materials. In the past, materials have included wood and lead. Metal pipes are commonly made from unfinished, black, or galvanized steel, brass, and ductile iron. Plastic tubing is widely used for its light weight, chemical resistance, non-corrosive properties, and ease of making connections. Pipe may also be made from concrete or ceramic. These pipes are usually used for low pressure applications such as gravity flow or drainage. Reinforced concrete can be used for large diameter concrete pipes. This pipe material can be used in many types of construction.

TYPE

MATERIAL

PURPOSE

Metal pipes

Black steel

Pipeline construction

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