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10. Here are some definitions. What are they? Complete the sentences.

… is the layer around the Earth in which all living organisms exist.

… is the sum total of all liquid and frozen water on or near the Earth’s surface.

… is a region of gases, airborne particles, and water vapour enveloping the Earth.

… is the solid Earth with rocks, soils, and sediments on its crust.

11. Answer the questions.

1. How do you define biosphere?

2. What is biota?

3. When did the first living cells appear on the planet?

4. What are the limits of the “film of life”?

5. What does modern ecology deal with?

6. What is geoecology?

7. What fields can geoecologist work in?

8. What major factor has increased the intensity and scale of the biosphere transformations over the past two centuries?

9. Do you think the biosphere transformations caused by human activity are reversible?

12. 9 Listen to the interview with a senior research engineer called Dr. Michael Blomberg. Dr. Blomberg gives his opinions on future trends in science and technology.

  1. What predictions does Dr. Blomberg make about technological progress? Make a list.

  2. Classify these predictions in three columns according to how strongly Dr. Blomberg expresses his belief that they will happen.

STRONG BELIEF

BELIEF

(not strongly held)

UNCERTAIN

(it could happen)

  1. What questions does the interviewer put to Dr. Blomberg?

  2. Now prepare three questions that you would ask Dr. Blomberg if you were present at the interview.

  3. Do you agree with Dr. Blomberg’s ideas? Say what developments you foresee in science and technology over next fifty years.

Johnson C.N. & D. General Engineering. Prentice Hall, Europe, 1998.

13. Work in pairs. Discuss the following quotations about ecological problems.

1. Nature pardons no errors. (R.W. Emerson. Essays)

2. Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie which we ascribe to heaven. (W. Shakespeare. All’s Well That Ends Well)

3. As soils are depleted, human health, vitality and intelligence go with them. (Bromfield Louis Writer (1896-1956)).

4. Only when the last tree is cut; only when the last river is polluted; only when the last fish is caught; only then will they realize that you cannot eat money. (Indian proverb).

5. Man has lost the capacity to foresee and to forestall.  He will end by destroying the earth.  (Albert Schweitzer).

Wordlist

abiotic

абиотический, неживой

abundant

распространенный

biosphere

биосфера

biota

биота (флора и фауна района)

biotic

биотический, живой

concept

концепция, понятие

deal with

иметь дело с, рассматривать

ecosystem

экосистема

emerge

появляться

influence

влияние

layer

слой

magnitude

величина

remediation

восстановление

waste disposal

удаление отходов

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