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  1. Reconstruct the jumbled sentences.

  1. different \the same area\ enabled \ at \improved resolution \and \ over\ shooting seismic \reduced acquisition time\ \time intervals\

  2. . global\ modern\ that \streamers \positioning sensors\ constantly\ have \record\ multiple\ the position of the streamers\ system.

  3. it can be\ beneath \economic\ hydrophones \ an array of\ the seafloor\ to permanently install.

  4. reduces\ a powerful \ the paravane\ vessel\ which\ the drag of\ can be sufficient \the streamer array \to stop\.

  5. in a short time\ these\ allow\ techniques\ a swath of\ to acquire\ seismic data.

  6. reliable\ computing\ increased\ led to\ capacity\ the first\ images seismic.

  7. into \a gridding \seismic \the digital\ sections\ and\ files \ are entered\ and contouring program\ are digitised

  8. will clarify \with\ how\ is behaving \changes \the dynamic\ time a field.

  1. Match the parts of sentences.

1.Seismic stratigraphy is the study

A amongst arched reflections

2.Short lengths of a reflection that are conspicuously stronger than adjacent portions may

B of the depositional interrelationships of sedimentary rock as deduced from an interpretation of seismic data.

3.3-dimensional seismic images comprise

C indicate gas.

4.A gas-water or gas-oil interface may stand out as a noticeably flat reflection

D showing geological structure down to fine sedimentary details.

5.By using special shooting techniques such as spaced air gun arrays or towing the streamer slantwise, or by shooting very closely spaced lines,

E vertical sections and horizontal sections.

6.The end-products of seismic surveys are interpreted sections

F producing a strongly reflective contrast.

7.The velocity of sound is sharply reduced in gas-bearing rock,

G it is possible to produce 3-dimensional (3D) seismic images.

8.Maps are used to describe the topology of known rock units

H plotted and contoured

9.For the maps, reflections are 'picked' and their depths at points along parallel and intersecting survey lines

I and 'isopach' maps are showing the thickness of these units.

  1. Reconstruct the order of the sentences.

__ Initially 3D seismic surveys were used to help to improve the position of production wells, and so enable the fields to be drained with maximum efficiency. (A)

__ Exploration in the North Sea shifted to smaller and more subtle traps in the early 1990's and 3D seismic surveys were used for exploration work. (B)

__ Contour maps can be plotted or 3D colour enhanced images can be generated to illustrate the subsurface structure. (C)

__ Other layers may be identified by comparison with synthetic 'seismograms'. (D)

__ With a computer an interpreter can map a specific reflector by moving the cursor along it on the screen. (E)

__ Some rock layers produce wiggles with a distinctive character that can be followed right across a section. (F)

__ Visualisation software allows the interpreter to view the whole 3D data set as a cube and rotate or cut it at any angle. (G)

__ 3D survey meant that computer workstations were an essential tool for interpreting the data quickly. (H)

__ Seismic sections are picked by hand are digitised and the digital files entered into a gridding and contouring program. (I)

__ The interpreter studies the maps to identify areas that are shallower and form an anticline or a shallow area surrounded by faults. (J)

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