Appendix 4

Reservoir Walls

Reservoir walls are manufactured via rolling or sheeted assembly. Sheeted assembly is usually applied in cases of reservoir's lower belt wall thickness over 18 mm, but upon the customer's request this method can be used to produce reservoir of any size. Basically, for sheeted assembly roll metal from 1.8 m to 3 m thick and up to 12 m long is used. Sheet selvage refinement is committed mechanically, through milling or plasma cutting. Sheet rolling is done via three- and four-roll apparatus. It is recommended that reservoirs with lower belt wall thickness up to 18 mm should be manufactured via rolling method. Wall plates are rectangular in shape and have tolerance areas at factory seams along with rectilinear starting and terminal edges. Longitudinal seams in these edges have raw spaces ready for melding. The cogged assembly edge is created by cutting the technological tolerance area (usually 150 300 mm) of the plate lengthwise. To ensure quality roll forming of reservoirs with volume over 5 000 m³, triangular technological insets are applied at starting and terminal edges.

Reservoir Bottoms

Flat bottoms (for reservoirs with volume up to 1 000 m³) consist of sheets of the same thickness. Conical bottoms (for reservoirs with volume over 1 000 m³) have a central part and thickened ring selvages. It is recommended to take bottom inclination off centre, thus affording to compensate the possible unevenness of base immersions. When manufacturing flat bottoms and central parts of conical bottoms with metal thickness up to 7 mm the rolling method is applied, while for metal thickness 8 mm and over — sheeted technology is used. For geometrical shape improvement of bottoms (reduction of “poppers” which can appear in the process of sheet rolling and can increase due to melding deformation) a minimum bottom thickness of at least 5 mm is recommended, including 1 mm allowance for corrosion.

Roofs

Spherical racked roofs are used at reservoirs with volume over 5 000 m³. The roofs consist of rolled radial girders, main and intermediate, rack ring elements, central and deck plates, based on rack elements. Along the wall perimeter there's a support ring, receiving thrust pressure of the sphere and ensuring fixation and stability of the geometrical shape of the walls during the assembly. Implosion protection measures are identical to those for the conical racked roofs.

Appendix 5 Dictionary of Pipeliner's Terms (slangs)

Back End Those crews behind the welding crew

Backfill The dirt / sand material used to cover the pipe in the ditch

Bead The root pass of the weld

Beaver tail The extreme rear sloped, fabricated steel portion of a lowbed trailer used to facilitate a tractor mounting the trailer from the rear

Bell hole A widened and sloped section of the ditch where welders will work when doing a tie in

Bender Machine for bending pipe

Berm A dyke of earth material formed to contain fluid, such as fuel, in case of a spill or leak, or to diver water on a slope in the prevention of erosion.

Blacktop Tar sealed road

Bladder Sack like container for storing water, diesel or other liquids

Blasting mats Large mats fabricated of tires secured tightly together with bolts and chains.  Used to prevent projectiles of rock (fly-rock) from becoming airborne out of the blasting site.

Bone Yard Lay down area for equipment adjacent to the pipeline area, usually either at kick Off or the end of the line.

Boxing a sag Squaring off the R.O.W. at a creek / river crossing 

Breakers On hillsides and inclined slopes, the placement of sand bags or spraying of foam to surround the pipe, as a dam, to the top of the ditch, to prevent water flow and subsequent erosion around the pipe.  Water breakers are berms built at an angle across the ROW to divert ground water and prevent ROW erosion.

Buckles A deformity in the pipe resulting in an inward protruding bend, often caused by ditch rock, bending mistakes

Buddy system An arrangement by which two workers work together to ensure the health and safety of each other.

Buffing Grinding the pipe with a wire brush

Bug The automatic welding machine that welds inside or outside the pipe on a track

Cap The top pass of the weld

Carry back On setup and pipe gang, the distance the pipe section is brought back to a "start stake" to ensure that after the pipe section is lowered in, it will overlap the following section, necessitating the removal of a "pup".  The start stake is placed by the engineering crew to ensure a sufficient overlap.

Chainage The accumulated length of the pipeline from Kickoff marked in kilometers and meters

Cheater A length of pipe used to lengthen the handle of another tool for the purpose of increasing leverage and power

Cherry Picker Truck mounted crane

Choker A wire rope or synthetic sling used to encircle the pipe by passing one end through a loop in the other end thereby providing an attachment which can pull laterally as well as vertically 

Choking pipe Wood skids, wedges or rock material used to stop pipe from rolling on a flat surface

Clam Excavating equipment

Cold-wrapping Applying tape type coatings that do not require the application of heat 

Combination A bend incorporating a sidebend and a sag or overbend

Coming-in-side The upstream side of a section or tie in.

Coupons Sections of cut pipe, used for practicing welding

Crumbing the ditch Ahead of Lower-in removing material from the ditch that might damage the coating or cause a buckle in the pipe.

Danger Zone A location within 6 meters of a piece of heavy equipment

Daylighting Exposing a utility that was previously buried

Deadman tractor A tractor used as an anchor for a pipe section (such as on lowering-in) or when winching equipment on steep slopes

Ditch line Centerline of ditch, marked by red stakes, stones or markers along the right of way

Ditch side The side of the right of way on the opposite side of the ditch line from the work side, where the spoil pile is placed

Dog it Stop heavy equipment operation

Dogleg An irregularity in a straight line - in a pipe section, lay of the right of way, etc.

Dolly A trailer converter dolly that is towed from a single hitch located on the centerline of the towing unit.

Donut Internal brace used in bending operation when end of pipe is near the die. Used to prevent egging of pipe

Downstream The direction the product will flow when in the pipeline is in service

Drag up To quit or resign

Dragup Tank A large tank built into the deck of a welders rig

Drawbar Structural member of a sled, full trailer, pony trailer or trailer converter dolly that includes a device for the purpose of coupling with a trailer hitch, fifth wheel or hook on a sling

Egging Pipe becoming out of round, during bending process 

Eye balling Judging by sight rather than using an instrument

Fill line Small inch light wall pipe 6-10 inches diameter used to carry water from a water source to a fill point, during testing operations

Fill point A test point used to fill a pipe section with water for testing

Fly-rock Rock projectiles ejected skyward from a blasting zone

Foreign line A pipeline that crosses the centerline of the new pipeline under construction

Front End Those crews ahead of and including the welding crew

Going-out-side The downstream side of a section or tie in

Goose Internal hydraulically operated internal clamp used by pipe gang welding crew

Goose Internal clamp on front end welding crew

Grousers Horizontal lugs on tracks of tracked equipment

Hand Pipeline worker

Headache Rack Strong (reinforced steel) barrier mounted on the back of the cab of a truck to prevent the load sliding forward and breaching the rear cabin wall injuring the driver

High boy A conventional truck trailer with deck approximately 5 foot off the ground

Hoarding Plastic over a wood frame used at a test point to maintain temperature of exposed test section

Holiday Hole or gap in pipeline coating

Hot Dope Old method of coating pipe with hot melted tar like substance

Hot-wrapping Applying tape type coatings that require the application of heat 

Hot pass The filler pass of the weld

Hustle skids The work involved in the loading / unloading of skids, building cradles to support the pipe etc.

Jeep (Holiday detector) Electrical device used to detect abnormalities / holidays in pipeline coating

Kick Off Where the work starts on a pipeline project. The work site at the very  beginning of a pipeline mainline or looping project.

Lathe A stake, sharpened on one end, driven into the ground and used to mark centerline of ditch, chainage, or other purpose

Line pipe The mainline pipeline pipe

Load line hook The hook that supports the weight

Loop A parallel section of pipeline

Looping Work on a section of pipeline that parallels an existing pipeline system.  

Loose end The free, open end of a longer section of pipe

Low Boy / Low Bed A low slung trailer used to haul heavy equipment

Mormon Board Backfilling implement

MSDS Sheets Material Safety Data Sheets - Sheets providing the worker with information of hazardous products so he may protect himself

Mud board A wooden elevated (4-5 inches) platform for welders to lie on when welding under the pipe

Nightcap Caps made out of material, plastic, wood etc to fit over and close off the end of the pipe to prevent entry of foreign material

P.I. Change in the direction of the right of way centerline, usually identified by a stake / lathe with the chainage written on it

Pig Internal pipeline cleaning or inspection device

Pig Catcher A device for receiving a pig

Powder man The worker on a blasting crew whose job is to load explosives in the bore holes

Pulling head A heavy reinforced end cap  for a pipe section with a towing eye, for sustained lateral pulling of that section, used on road bores and river / creek  sections

Pup Short length of pipe

Quad Welding machines mounted on a tractor

Reach Rod Long rod with wheel on end which is used to control the mandrel inside the pipe when bending pipe  Reamer A cutting head that increases the bore hole size

Ripper A vertical earth / rock cutting blade mounted on the back of a dozer

Roach A berm (mound of earth) over the pipeline

ROW Pipeline night-of-way

Rubber boot seal The seal between the casing and pipe on either ends of a road / river bore

Sag A bend in the pipe that is concave - high on the ends and low in the middle

Setup The phase of pipe handling which immediately follows bending.  This crew positions the pipe advantageously for the welding crew to ensure minimum required handling by the front-end pipegang crew. It is also laid out as per carry back and other stakes left by the engineering crew 

Sho-Fly Access road to pipeline construction ROW

Shoot a bend To calculate the degrees of a bend with a transit

Shotrock Blasted shards of rock

Silk screen Fine mesh plastic screening used to filter sediment out of flowing water for environmental purposes

Slider A simple type of skid support for pipe joints/sections

Sneaky A manned internal pipe repair vehicle A pipeline construction project

Sourman Equipment used to yoyo a drag bucket at a river crossing

Splitter A length of safety fuse which notches at 50 millimeter (two inch) intervals and is used to ignite safety fuses

Spoil pile The excavated ditch material

Spoons Long handled (12-15 foot) shovels used ahead of lower-in cradles to remove rock from the centerline of the ditch, under the pipe, which could cause buckles, when regulations prohibit workers entering unsafe ditch. 

Spotter A worker designated to identify the appropriate location on the right of way to drop a load, park a vehicle etc. to a driver or operator 

Spread A pipeline construction project

Spread Man Construction Superintendent

Squeeze iron Iron from squeeze pump to test head

Stabber Employee who helps line-up pipe for welding

Stinger Welding rod and holder

Straw Boss Crew foreman's lead worker

Swabbing Using a ring of pipe cut to a slightly smaller diameter than the line pipe with an outer layer of soft rubber which is pulled through a joint of pipe to clean out the inside of the pipe

Tack Rig Welding tractor

Test head A short section of pipe with a convex end cap and valves, welded to the end of a section. Used in the filling of pipe and controlling pressure during testing operations. 

Test point A location in a pipe section chosen to be used as a work site for testing operations, where the welders have left two loose ends.

To the house Going home after shift

Tow cat Tractor used to pull any equipment or vehicles stuck on the right of way.

Train A combination of vehicles composed of a tractor, a semitrailer and either an A Dolly and a semitrailer or a full trailer attached to the lead semitrailer in a like manner as if an A Dolly were used.

Upstream The direction from which the product will come from when in service

Utility Any pipeline, buried or overhead powerline, fiber optic cable, sewer, etc.

Wobble A strike.  Workers collectively refuse to go to work in support of some demand

Work side The side of the right of way on which the equipment and vehicular traffic move

Yoyo Using bucket on a drag line to get ditch depth at a river crossing