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Components

The Component class represents an object that is marshaled by reference and can exist within a container. This figure shows the complete set of Windows Forms classes derived from the System.ComponentModel.Component class.

Common dialogs

The CommonDialog class represents a component that provides a standard interface for common functionality required by Windows Forms applications. This figure shows the complete set of Windows Forms classes derived from the System.Windows.Forms.CommonDialog class.

Windows Forms Programming with C#

ERIK BROWN

M A N N I N G

Greenwich (74° w. long.)

For online information and ordering of this and other Manning books, go to www.manning.com. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity. For more information, please contact:

Special Sales Department
Manning Publications Co.
209 Bruce Park Avenue	Fax: (203) 661-9018
Greenwich, CT 06830	email: orders@manning.com

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in the book, and Manning Publications was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps.

Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is Manning’s policy to have the books we publish printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that end.

Manning Publications Co.	Copyeditor:	Lois Patterson
209 Bruce Park Avenue	Typesetter:	Syd Brown
Greenwich, CT 06830	Cover designer:	Leslie Haimes

ISBN 1930110-28-6

Printed in the United States of America

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – VHG – 06 05 04 03 02

In memory of Thelma Rose Wilson, and for her beautiful daughter whom I love

brief contents

Part 1 Hello Windows Forms 1

1	Getting started with Windows Forms 3
2	Getting started with Visual Studio .NET 34

Part 2 Basic Windows Forms 67

3	Menus 69
4	Status bars	102
5	Reusable libraries		126
6	Common file dialogs			161
7	Drawing and scrolling			194
8	Dialog boxes	224
9	Basic controls	263
10	List controls	314
11	More controls	353
12	A .NET assortment		383
13	Toolbars and tips		410

Part 3 Advanced Windows Forms 437

14List views 439

15Tree views 485

16	Multiple document interfaces 525
17	Data binding 564
18	Odds and ends .NET 603

vii

contents

brief contents		vii
contents	ix
preface	xix
about this book			xxi
acknowledgments			xxviii
about .NET		xxx

about the cover illustration xxxiv

Part 1 Hello Windows Forms 1

1 Getting started with Windows Forms							3
1.1	Programming in C#			4
	Namespaces and classes			6 Constructors and
	methods	8 C# types			9 The entry point			11
	The Application class			11	Program execution			13
1.2	Adding controls 13
	Shortcuts and fully qualified names					15
	Fields and properties 16				The Controls property 18
1.3	Loading files		18
	Events	20 The OpenFileDialog class					22
	Bitmap images		24
1.4	Resizing forms		26
	Desktop layout properties				28 The Anchor
	property	29 The Dock property				31
1.5	Recap	33

2 Getting started with Visual Studio .NET						34
2.1	Programming with Visual Studio .NET					35
	Creating a project		36	Executing a program			39
	Viewing the source code			39
2.2	Adding controls		43
	The AssemblyInfo file			43	Renaming a form		46
	The Toolbox window			48
2.3	Loading files	54
	Event handlers in Visual Studio .NET 54
	Exception handling		58
2.4	Resizing forms	61
	Assign the Anchor property				63
	Assign the MinimumSize property 64
2.5	Recap 65

Part 2 Basic Windows Forms 67

3 Menus 69

3.1	The nature of menus			70
	The Menu class		71 The Menu class hierarchy 71
	Derived classes		73
3.2	Menu bars	74
	Adding the Main menu			74 Adding the File menu			77
	Adding the dropdown menu				79 Adding a View menu			83
3.3	Click events	85
	Adding handlers via the designer window					85
	Adding handlers via the properties window					86
3.4	Popup events and shared handlers 88
	Defining a shared handler 89				Handling Popup events			93
3.5	Context menus		97
	Creating a context menu			98 Adding menu items			100
3.6	Recap 101

4 Status bars 102

4.1	The Control class	103
4.2	The StatusBar class	105
	Adding a status bar	106 Assigning status bar text 109
4.3	Status bar panels	110

Adding panels to a status bar 111 Assigning panel text 116

CONTENTS

4.4	Owner-drawn panels	118
	The DrawItem event	118 Drawing a panel 121
4.5	Recap 125

5 Reusable libraries				126
5.1	C# classes and interfaces					127
	Interfaces		128	Data collection classes					129
5.2	Class libraries			133
	Creating the class library 134						Using the command-line
	tools	138	Creating the PhotoAlbum class							139
	Creating the Photograph class						141
5.3	Interfaces revisited				145
	Supporting the ICollection interface							146
	Supporting the IList interface						146
	Implementing album position operations								148
5.4	Robustness issues 151
	Handling an invalid bitmap					151 Overriding methods in
	the Object class			154	Disposing of resources					157
	Associating a file name with an album							159
5.5	Recap	160

6 Common file dialogs			161
6.1	Design issues	162
	Changing the menu bar 162 Adding class variables						165
6.2	Multiple file selection			166
	Adding images to an album 166
	Removing images from an album				169
6.3	Paint events 169
	Drawing the current photograph				170
	Displaying the current position				171
6.4	Context menus revisited			173
	Displaying the next photograph				174
	Displaying the previous photograph					174
6.5	Files and paths	175
	Creating a default album directory					175
	Setting the title bar		179	Handling the New menu			180
6.6	Save file dialogs		181
	Writing album data		182	Saving an album as a new file 186
	Saving an existing album			188
6.7	Open file dialogs		189
	Reading album data		190	Opening an album file 191
6.8	Recap 193

CONTENTS


7 Drawing and scrolling					194
7.1	Form class hierarchy				195
	The ScrollableControl class					196	The Form class		196
7.2	Image drawing			198
	Deleting the PictureBox control						198 Handling the
	Image menu		199 Implementing the Stretch to
	Fit option		202	Implementing a Scale to Fit option					205
	Repainting when the form is resized							210
7.3	Automated scrolling				212
	Properties for scrolling				213
	Implementing automated scrolling							213
7.4	Panels	215
	Adding a panel			217	Updating the menu handlers				218
	Drawing the status bar panel					219		Drawing the image 220
7.5	Recap	222

8 Dialog boxes		224
8.1	Message boxes		225
	The MessageBox.Show method					227 Creating an
	OK dialog 227 Creating a YesNo dialog							229
	Creating A YesNoCancel dialog					230
8.2	The Form.Close method				233
	The relationship between Close and Dispose							233
	Intercepting the Form.Close method						235
8.3	Modal dialog boxes			237
	Adding captions to photos				238	Preserving caption values 239
	Creating the CaptionDlg form					240 Adding properties to the
	CaptionDlg form		247	Displaying the dialog in the
	MainForm class		249
8.4	Modeless dialogs		252
	Creating the PixelDlg form				253 Adding class members to
	PixelDlg	255 Displaying the modeless PixelDlg form 256
	Updating the PixelDlg form				259
	Updating PixelDlg as the mouse moves						260
8.5	Recap	262

9 Basic controls 263

9.1	Form inheritance 264
	Creating a base form	265 Creating a derived form 269
9.2	Labels and text boxes	271

Expanding the Photograph class 272

xii

CONTENTS

Creating the PhotoEditDlg panel area	277
Creating the multiline text box 281	Adding PhotoEditDlg
to our main form 285 Using TextBox controls 287

9.3	Button classes 290
	Expanding the PhotoAlbum class 293 Using the new album
	settings	296 Creating the AlbumEditDlg panel area	298
	Using radio buttons 300 Using check box buttons		304
	Adding AlbumEditDlg to our main form 310
9.4	Recap	313

10 List controls		314
10.1	List boxes	315
	Creating a list box		315		Handling selected items 322
10.2	Multiselection list boxes					325
	Enabling multiple selection					325 Handling the Move Up and
	Move Down buttons			328 Handling the Remove button				331
10.3	Combo boxes 333
	Creating a combo box				333	Handling the selected item		336
10.4	Combo box edits		339
	Replacing the photographer control						340
	Updating the combo box dynamically						341
10.5	Owner-drawn lists			343
	Adding a context menu				344 Setting the item height 346
	Drawing the list items				348
10.6	Recap 352

11 More controls		353
11.1	Tab controls 354
	The TabControl class			355 Creating a tab control 356
11.2	Tab pages	359
	Creating tab pages dynamically 360
	Creating tab pages in Visual Studio				363
11.3	Dates and Times		366
	Dates and times		367
	Customizing a DateTimePicker control 369
11.4	Calendars	372
	Adding a MonthCalendar control				372
	Initializing a calendar			374
	Handling mouse clicks in a calendar control 376
11.5	Recap 381

CONTENTS

xiii

12 A .NET assortment			383
12.1	Keyboard events		384
	Handling the KeyPress event			384
	Handling other keyboard events 386
12.2	Mouse events 387
	The MouseEventArgs class 388 Handling mouse events 388
12.3	Image buttons		393
	Implementing Next and Prev buttons 393 Drawing bitmaps for
	our buttons 399		Placing images on our buttons 402
12.4	Icons	405
	Replacing the icon on a form			406
	Replacing the application icon			408
12.5	Recap	409

13 Toolbars and tips 410

13.1	Toolbars	411
	The ToolBar class		411	Adding a toolbar	412
	The ToolBarButton class			413
13.2	Image lists	416
	The ImageList class		416 Creating an image list 417
13.3	Toolbar buttons		420
	Adding a push button 420 Adding a dropdown button 424
	Adding a toggle button			426
13.4	Tool tips	430
	The ToolTip class		431	Creating tool tips	431
13.5	Recap 434

Part 3 Advanced Windows Forms 437

14 List views 439

14.1	The nature of list views		440
14.2	The ListView class	443
	Creating the MyAlbumExplorer project 443
	Creating a list view	445	Populating a ListView 448
14.3	ListView columns	453
	Creating the columns	454 Populating the columns		456
	Sorting a column 458
14.4	Selection and editing		464
	Supporting item selection		464 Supporting label edits	468

xiv

CONTENTS

	14.5	Item activation			472
		Handling item activation					473		Defining new columns				474
		Populating the ListView 476							Sorting a column (again)				477
		Updating the properties menu							480		Updating label
		editing	481	Redisplaying the albums 483
	14.6	Recap	483
15	Tree views		485
	15.1	Tree view basics			486
	15.2	The TreeView class				486
		Creating a tree view				488	Using the Splitter class					489
		Using the TreeNode class					492
	15.3	Dynamic tree nodes				497
		Assigning index constants					497		Creating the album nodes 498
		Creating the photograph nodes								501
	15.4	Node selection			505
		Supporting node selection					506			Revisiting the list view			509
	15.5	Fun with tree views				513
		Displaying the photograph						514		Supporting label edits			516
		Updating the properties menu							520
	15.6	Recap	524
16	Multiple document interfaces								525
	16.1	Interface styles			526
		Single document interfaces						526		Explorer interfaces 526
		Multiple document interfaces							527
		Support in Windows Forms						529
	16.2	MDI forms		530
		Creating an MDI container form								531 Creating an MDI
		child form 532			Adding a new entry point 533
	16.3	Merged menus			535
		Assigning merge types				535		Assigning merge order				537
		Opening a child form				541
	16.4	MDI children			543
		Replacing the toolbar				543		Displaying pixel data				548
		Opening an album twice					551		Updating the title bar				553
		Revisiting the activation events								556
	16.5	MDI child window management									557
		Arranging MDI forms				558		Creating an MDI child list					561

16.6 Recap 563

CONTENTS

17 Data binding			564
17.1	Data grids		565
	Creating the MyAlbumData project							568
	Displaying data in a data grid					569
17.2	Data grid customization				573
	Customizing table styles			574		Customizing column styles 576
17.3	Editable objects 580
	The IEditableObject interface					580		Supporting the
	IEditableObject interface				582	Using editable objects 584
17.4	Simple data binding			586
	Altering the MyAlbumData application								587
	Performing simple binding				590		Updating data bound
	controls	594 Displaying the image							599
	Saving changes to bound controls						601
17.5	Recap	602

18	Odds and ends .NET 603
	18.1	Printing	604
		Using the print classes			605	Drawing a print page 607
	18.2	Timers	611
		Creating a slide show form				612
		Implementing the slide show behavior 615
	18.3	Drag and drop		618
		Initiating drag and drop			620 Receiving drag and drop 622
	18.4	ActiveX controls		625
		Creating the About box			626 Wrapping the web browser
		control	629 Using the web browser control 631
	18.5	Recap	635
A	C# primer		637
B	.NET namespaces			674
C	Visual index		680
D	For more information				690
	bibliography		692
	index	695

xvi

CONTENTS

preface

In early 2001 I began using Microsoft’s .NET Framework for a project I was working on with a small startup company. Unfortunately, the winds changed and I found myself with more free time than I would normally hope for. So when Manning Publications asked me if I would contribute to a book on programming with the .NET Framework, I welcomed the idea.

As events unfolded, I found myself with some fairly strong opinions about how such a book should be organized, and offered up a proposal to write a solo book on programming Windows Forms applications. I have always enjoyed the book Programming Windows 95 with MFC by Jeff Prosise, so a book about developing Windowsbased applications with the .NET Framework seemed like an obvious subject.

The core idea behind my proposal was to build a single application over the course of the book. The application would evolve to introduce each topic, so that by the end of the manuscript readers would have a robust application they had built from scratch. Manning Publications seemed to like the idea as well, and thus I suddenly found myself writing this book.

In approaching the task, I set out to achieve two objectives. The first was to provide ample coverage of most of the classes in the namespace. I have been frustrated by many books that do not provide robust examples for a topic. So I try to provide detailed examples that demonstrate how Windows Forms classes can be used and manipulated in real applications.

A second objective was to present advanced user interface topics such as tree views and drag and drop. While the book spends a good deal of time on fundamental classes, such as menus and buttons, more than a cursory glance is given to some of the more complex controls available for Windows-based programming.

The result of my proposal, these objectives, and a number of late nights is the book you see before you. I take a tutorial approach to application development by creating a common application throughout the book, and provide summaries of relevant classes and other topics that might be of further interest. Hopefully, this approach provides enough detail to demonstrate how Windows-based applications are put together with the .NET Framework, and yet offers additional information that should prove helpful as you develop and expand your own .NET projects.

xvii

While the book is not specifically about C# and Visual Studio .NET, the text does attempt to introduce and explain the syntax and usage of C# as well as the features and functionality of Visual Studio .NET. These topics are presented “along-the-way” by introducing relevant concepts and features as they are used in the examples. An overview of C# is also provided in appendix A at the back of the book.

xviii

PREFACE

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