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Table 24.3 CPI Scores and Rankings of Macao from 2006 to 2008

Source: Synthesizing various Annual Global Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) surveys conducted by Transparency International from 2006 to 2008, website: http://www.transpar- ency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi.

aCPI measures the perceived levels of public sector corruption in a given country and it is a composite index that scores 180 countries (163 countries in 2006 surveys) on a scale from 0 to 10; 0=high levels of perceived corruption, 10=low levels of perceived corruption.

in 2006.”9 The CPI report for Macao was good in 2006, but deteriorated in 2007 and 2008. Macao’s global ranking dropped in these 2 years, and was even overtaken by Taiwan in 2008. Obviously, the arrest of Ao cannot redeem the notorious image of this ex-Portuguese enclave. Hence, more remedies are needed for the sake of retrieving people’s faithful heart (Table 24.3).

24.2.4 Structure

The Organizational Law has officially laid down the structure and establishment of the CAC’s daily operations. According to the Administrative Regulation number 31/2000, “Approval to the Departmental Structure and Operation System of the Commission Against Corruption of Macao,”10 it concretely outlines the division of different departments. It is noteworthy that the CAC has to play two major roles to maintain higher standards of ethics to the public officers, namely, the Anti-Corruption Bureau and Ombudsman Bureau (see Figure 24.1). Further attention should be drawn to the number of investigation departments in these two major bureaus. It seems to be short of manpower as there are only two teams performing anti-corruption functions and one team for ombudsman functions, whereas the Cabinet of the Commissioner appears to be swollen impressing that the focus of the CAC has shifted to public relations as well as administration (see Figure 24.1).

24.2.5 Personnel Establishment

According to Administrative Order number 28/2003, “Amendment of the Establishment Table of the Personnel of the Commission Against Corruption of Macao,” issued by the chief executive in

9Transparency International Corruption Perception Index 2006, p. 11. For more detail, see the TI website: http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2006.

10For detail of this regulation, see website: http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2000/34/regadm31_cn.asp.

©2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

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July 2003, the total number of personnel, including their ranks and posts, are regulated in this Order.11 However, the CAC started to increase its personnel since 2004, thereby going beyond the 109 it is assigned (see Table 24.4). It is actually not an unusual arrangement for the CAC or any other government department to recruit extra staff over the assigned manpower indicated by the personnel establishment. But they cannot, of course, recruit as many staff as they require in as this would cause problems of over budgeting, bureaucratic accountability, public monitoring, bureaucratic imperialism, and playing down the sublime authority of the regulation itself. Many other countries would address this without too many difficulty, such as by amending the Administrative Order in good time to catch up with the rapid development in the community. It is unwise to leave such a personnel arrangement, which is clearly in contravention with the related administrative order, as it would enable the public to query the justice and neutrality status of this ethical watchdog.

Table 24.4 Personnel Establishment of the Macao Commission Against Corruption

Source: Administrative Order 28/2003, MSAR Printing Bureau, website: http://www.imprensa. macau.gov.mo/bo/i/2003/30/ordem28_cn.asp.

11For more details of this regulation, see: http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2003/30/ordem28_cn.asp.

©2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC