- •Public Administration And Public Policy
- •Contents
- •Acknowledgments
- •About The Authors
- •Comments On Purpose and Methods
- •Contents
- •1.1 Introduction
- •1.2 Culture
- •1.3 Colonial Legacies
- •1.3.1 British Colonial Legacy
- •1.3.2 Latin Legacy
- •1.3.3 American Legacy
- •1.4 Decentralization
- •1.5 Ethics
- •1.5.1 Types of Corruption
- •1.5.2 Ethics Management
- •1.6 Performance Management
- •1.6.2 Structural Changes
- •1.6.3 New Public Management
- •1.7 Civil Service
- •1.7.1 Size
- •1.7.2 Recruitment and Selection
- •1.7.3 Pay and Performance
- •1.7.4 Training
- •1.8 Conclusion
- •Contents
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 Historical Developments and Legacies
- •2.2.1.1 First Legacy: The Tradition of King as Leader
- •2.2.1.2 Second Legacy: A Tradition of Authoritarian Rule, Centralization, and Big Government
- •2.2.1.3 Third Legacy: Traditions of Hierarchy and Clientelism
- •2.2.1.4 Fourth Legacy: A Tradition of Reconciliation
- •2.2.2.1 First Legacy: The Tradition of Bureaucratic Elites as a Privileged Group
- •2.2.2.2 Second Legacy: A Tradition of Authoritarian Rule, Centralization, and Big Government
- •2.2.2.3 Third Legacy: The Practice of Staging Military Coups
- •2.2.2.4 Fourth Legacy: A Tradition for Military Elites to be Loyal to the King
- •2.2.3.1 First Legacy: Elected Politicians as the New Political Boss
- •2.2.3.2 Second Legacy: Frequent and Unpredictable Changes of Political Bosses
- •2.2.3.3 Third Legacy: Politicians from the Provinces Becoming Bosses
- •2.2.3.4 Fourth Legacy: The Problem with the Credibility of Politicians
- •2.2.4.1 First Emerging Legacy: Big Businessmen in Power
- •2.2.4.2 Second Emerging Legacy: Super CEO Authoritarian Rule, Centralization, and Big Government
- •2.2.4.3 Third Emerging Legacy: Government must Serve Big Business Interests
- •2.2.5.1 Emerging Legacy: The Clash between Governance Values and Thai Realities
- •2.2.5.2 Traits of Governmental Culture Produced by the Five Masters
- •2.3 Uniqueness of the Thai Political Context
- •2.4 Conclusion
- •References
- •Appendix A
- •Contents
- •3.1 Thailand Administrative Structure
- •3.2 History of Decentralization in Thailand
- •3.2.1 Thailand as a Centralized State
- •3.2.2 Towards Decentralization
- •3.3 The Politics of Decentralization in Thailand
- •3.3.2 Shrinking Political Power of the Military and Bureaucracy
- •3.4 Drafting the TAO Law 199421
- •3.5 Impacts of the Decentralization Reform on Local Government in Thailand: Ongoing Challenges
- •3.5.1 Strong Executive System
- •3.5.2 Thai Local Political System
- •3.5.3 Fiscal Decentralization
- •3.5.4 Transferred Responsibilities
- •3.5.5 Limited Spending on Personnel
- •3.5.6 New Local Government Personnel System
- •3.6 Local Governments Reaching Out to Local Community
- •3.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2 Corruption: General Situation in Thailand
- •4.2.1 Transparency International and its Corruption Perception Index
- •4.2.2 Types of Corruption
- •4.3 A Deeper Look at Corruption in Thailand
- •4.3.1 Vanishing Moral Lessons
- •4.3.4 High Premium on Political Stability
- •4.4 Existing State Mechanisms to Fight Corruption
- •4.4.2 Constraints and Limitations of Public Agencies
- •4.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 History of Performance Management
- •5.2.1 National Economic and Social Development Plans
- •5.2.2 Master Plan of Government Administrative Reform
- •5.3 Performance Management Reform: A Move Toward High Performance Organizations
- •5.3.1 Organization Restructuring to Increase Autonomy
- •5.3.2 Process Improvement through Information Technology
- •5.3.3 Knowledge Management Toward Learning Organizations
- •5.3.4 Performance Agreement
- •5.3.5 Challenges and Lessons Learned
- •5.3.5.1 Organizational Restructuring
- •5.3.5.2 Process Improvement through Information Technology
- •5.3.5.3 Knowledge Management
- •5.3.5.4 Performance Agreement
- •5.4.4 Outcome of Budgeting Reform: The Budget Process in Thailand
- •5.4.5 Conclusion
- •5.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •6.1.1 Civil Service Personnel
- •6.1.2 Development of the Civil Service Human Resource System
- •6.1.3 Problems of Civil Service Human Resource
- •6.2 Recruitment and Selection
- •6.2.1 Main Feature
- •6.2.2 Challenges of Recruitment and Selection
- •6.3.1 Main Feature
- •6.4.1 Main Feature
- •6.4.2 Salary Management
- •6.4.2.2 Performance Management and Salary Increase
- •6.4.3 Position Allowance
- •6.4.5 National Compensation Committee
- •6.4.6 Retirement and Pension
- •6.4.7 Challenges in Compensation
- •6.5 Training and Development
- •6.5.1 Main Feature
- •6.5.2 Challenges of Training and Development in the Civil Service
- •6.6 Discipline and Merit Protection
- •6.6.1 Main Feature
- •6.6.2 Challenges of Discipline
- •6.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •English References
- •Contents
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.2 Setting and Context
- •7.3 Malayan Union and the Birth of the United Malays National Organization
- •7.4 Post Independence, New Economic Policy, and Malay Dominance
- •7.5 Centralization of Executive Powers under Mahathir
- •7.6 Administrative Values
- •7.6.1 Close Ties with the Political Party
- •7.6.2 Laws that Promote Secrecy, Continuing Concerns with Corruption
- •7.6.3 Politics over Performance
- •7.6.4 Increasing Islamization of the Civil Service
- •7.7 Ethnic Politics and Reforms
- •7.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.2 System of Government in Malaysia
- •8.5 Community Relations and Emerging Recentralization
- •8.6 Process Toward Recentralization and Weakening Decentralization
- •8.7 Reinforcing Centralization
- •8.8 Restructuring and Impact on Decentralization
- •8.9 Where to Decentralization?
- •8.10 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •9.1 Introduction
- •9.2 Ethics and Corruption in Malaysia: General Observations
- •9.2.1 Factors of Corruption
- •9.3 Recent Corruption Scandals
- •9.3.1 Cases Involving Bureaucrats and Executives
- •9.3.2 Procurement Issues
- •9.4 Efforts to Address Corruption and Instill Ethics
- •9.4.1.1 Educational Strategy
- •9.4.1.2 Preventive Strategy
- •9.4.1.3 Punitive Strategy
- •9.4.2 Public Accounts Committee and Public Complaints Bureau
- •9.5 Other Efforts
- •9.6 Assessment and Recommendations
- •9.7 Conclusions
- •References
- •Contents
- •10.1 History of Performance Management in the Administrative System
- •10.1.1 Policy Frameworks
- •10.1.2 Organizational Structures
- •10.1.2.1 Values and Work Ethic
- •10.1.2.2 Administrative Devices
- •10.1.2.3 Performance, Financial, and Budgetary Reporting
- •10.2 Performance Management Reforms in the Past Ten Years
- •10.2.1 Electronic Government
- •10.2.2 Public Service Delivery System
- •10.2.3 Other Management Reforms
- •10.3 Assessment of Performance Management Reforms
- •10.4 Analysis and Recommendations
- •10.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2 Malaysian Civil Service
- •11.2.1 Public Service Department
- •11.2.2 Public Service Commission
- •11.2.3 Recruitment and Selection
- •11.2.4 Malaysian Administrative Modernization and Management Planning Unit
- •11.2.5 Administrative and Diplomatic Service
- •11.4 Civil Service Pension Scheme
- •11.5 Civil Service Neutrality
- •11.6 Civil Service Culture
- •11.7 Reform in the Malaysian Civil Service
- •11.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •12.1 Introduction
- •12.2.1 Context and Driving Force of Development
- •12.2.2 Major Institutional Development
- •12.3.1 Context and Driving Force of Development
- •12.3.2 Major Institutional Development
- •12.4.1 Context and Driving Force of Development
- •12.4.2 Major Institutional Development
- •12.5.1 Context and Driving Force of Development
- •12.5.2 Major Institutional Development
- •12.6.1 Context and Driving Force of Development
- •12.6.2 Major Institutional Development
- •12.7 Public Administration and Society
- •12.7.1 Public Accountability and Participation
- •12.7.2 Administrative Values
- •12.8 Societal and Political Challenge over Bureaucratic Dominance
- •12.9 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •13.1 Introduction
- •13.3 Constitutional Framework of the Basic Law
- •13.4 Changing Relations between the Central Authorities and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- •13.4.1 Constitutional Dimension
- •13.4.1.1 Contending Interpretations over the Basic Law
- •13.4.1.3 New Constitutional Order in the Making
- •13.4.2 Political Dimension
- •13.4.2.3 Contention over Political Reform
- •13.4.3 The Economic Dimension
- •13.4.3.1 Expanding Intergovernmental Links
- •13.4.3.2 Fostering Closer Economic Partnership and Financial Relations
- •13.4.3.3 Seeking Cooperation and Coordination in Regional and National Development
- •13.4.4 External Dimension
- •13.5 Challenges and Prospects in the Relations between the Central Government and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- •References
- •Contents
- •14.1 Honesty, Integrity, and Adherence to the Law
- •14.2 Accountability, Openness, and Political Neutrality
- •14.2.1 Accountability
- •14.2.2 Openness
- •14.2.3 Political Neutrality
- •14.3 Impartiality and Service to the Community
- •14.4 Conclusions
- •References
- •Contents
- •15.1 Introduction
- •15.2 Brief Overview of Performance Management in Hong Kong
- •15.3.1 Measuring and Assessing Performance
- •15.3.2 Adoption of Performance Pledges
- •15.3.3 Linking Budget to Performance
- •15.3.4 Relating Rewards to Performance
- •15.4 Assessment of Outcomes of Performance Management Reforms
- •15.4.1 Are Departments Properly Measuring their Performance?
- •15.4.2 Are Budget Decisions Based on Performance Results?
- •15.4.5 Overall Evaluation
- •15.5 Measurability of Performance
- •15.6 Ownership of, and Responsibility for, Performance
- •15.7 The Politics of Performance
- •15.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •16.1 Introduction
- •16.2 Structure of the Public Sector
- •16.2.1 Core Government
- •16.2.2 Hybrid Agencies
- •16.2.4 Private Businesses that Deliver Public Services
- •16.3 Administrative Values
- •16.4 Politicians and Bureaucrats
- •16.5 Management Tools and their Reform
- •16.5.1 Selection
- •16.5.2 Performance Management
- •16.5.3 Compensation
- •16.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •17.1 Introduction
- •17.2 The Philippines: A Brief Background
- •17.4 Philippine Bureaucracy during the Spanish Colonial Regime
- •17.6 American Colonial Regime and the Philippine Commonwealth
- •17.8 Independence Period and the Establishment of the Institute of Public Administration
- •17.9 Administrative Values in the Philippines
- •17.11 Conclusions
- •References
- •Contents
- •18.1 Introduction
- •18.2 Toward a Genuine Local Autonomy and Decentralization in the Philippines
- •18.2.1 Evolution of Local Autonomy
- •18.2.2 Government Structure and the Local Government System
- •18.2.3 Devolution under the Local Government Code of 1991
- •18.2.4 Local Government Finance
- •18.2.5 Local Government Bureaucracy and Personnel
- •18.3 Review of the Local Government Code of 1991 and its Implementation
- •18.3.1 Gains and Successes of Decentralization
- •18.3.2 Assessing the Impact of Decentralization
- •18.3.2.1 Overall Policy Design
- •18.3.2.2 Administrative and Political Issues
- •18.3.2.2.1 Central and Sub-National Role in Devolution
- •18.3.2.2.3 High Budget for Personnel at the Local Level
- •18.3.2.2.4 Political Capture by the Elite
- •18.3.2.3 Fiscal Decentralization Issues
- •18.3.2.3.1 Macroeconomic Stability
- •18.3.2.3.2 Policy Design Issues of the Internal Revenue Allotment
- •18.3.2.3.4 Disruptive Effect of the Creation of New Local Government Units
- •18.3.2.3.5 Disparate Planning, Unhealthy Competition, and Corruption
- •18.4 Local Governance Reforms, Capacity Building, and Research Agenda
- •18.4.1 Financial Resources and Reforming the Internal Revenue Allotment
- •18.4.3 Government Functions and Powers
- •18.4.6 Local Government Performance Measurement
- •18.4.7 Capacity Building
- •18.4.8 People Participation
- •18.4.9 Political Concerns
- •18.4.10 Federalism
- •18.5 Conclusions and the Way Forward
- •References
- •Annexes
- •Contents
- •19.1 Introduction
- •19.2 Control
- •19.2.1 Laws that Break Up the Alignment of Forces to Minimize State Capture
- •19.2.2 Executive Measures that Optimize Deterrence
- •19.2.3 Initiatives that Close Regulatory Gaps
- •19.2.4 Collateral Measures on Electoral Reform
- •19.3 Guidance
- •19.3.1 Leadership that Casts a Wide Net over Corrupt Acts
- •19.3.2 Limiting Monopoly and Discretion to Constrain Abuse of Power
- •19.3.3 Participatory Appraisal that Increases Agency Resistance against Misconduct
- •19.3.4 Steps that Encourage Public Vigilance and the Growth of Civil Society Watchdogs
- •19.3.5 Decentralized Guidance that eases Log Jams in Centralized Decision Making
- •19.4 Management
- •19.5 Creating Virtuous Circles in Public Ethics and Accountability
- •19.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •20.1 Introduction
- •20.2 Problems and Challenges Facing Bureaucracy in the Philippines Today
- •20.3 Past Reform Initiatives of the Philippine Public Administrative System
- •20.4.1 Rebuilding Institutions and Improving Performance
- •20.4.1.1 Size and Effectiveness of the Bureaucracy
- •20.4.1.2 Privatization
- •20.4.1.3 Addressing Corruption
- •20.4.1.5 Improving Work Processes
- •20.4.2 Performance Management Initiatives for the New Millennium
- •20.4.2.1 Financial Management
- •20.4.2.2 New Government Accounting System
- •20.4.2.3 Public Expenditure Management
- •20.4.2.4 Procurement Reforms
- •20.4.3 Human Resource Management
- •20.4.3.1 Organizing for Performance
- •20.4.3.2 Performance Evaluation
- •20.4.3.3 Rationalizing the Bureaucracy
- •20.4.3.4 Public Sector Compensation
- •20.4.3.5 Quality Management Systems
- •20.4.3.6 Local Government Initiatives
- •20.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •21.1 Introduction
- •21.2 Country Development Context
- •21.3 Evolution and Current State of the Philippine Civil Service System
- •21.3.1 Beginnings of a Modern Civil Service
- •21.3.2 Inventory of Government Personnel
- •21.3.3 Recruitment and Selection
- •21.3.6 Training and Development
- •21.3.7 Incentive Structure in the Bureaucracy
- •21.3.8 Filipino Culture
- •21.3.9 Bureaucratic Values and Performance Culture
- •21.3.10 Grievance and Redress System
- •21.4 Development Performance of the Philippine Civil Service
- •21.5 Key Development Challenges
- •21.5.1 Corruption
- •21.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •Annexes
- •Contents
- •22.1 Introduction
- •22.2 History
- •22.3 Major Reform Measures since the Handover
- •22.4 Analysis of the Reform Roadmap
- •22.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •23.1 Decentralization, Autonomy, and Democracy
- •23.3.1 From Recession to Take Off
- •23.3.2 Politics of Growth
- •23.3.3 Government Inertia
- •23.4 Autonomy as Collective Identity
- •23.4.3 Social Group Dynamics
- •23.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •Contents
- •24.1 Introduction
- •24.2 Functions and Performance of the Commission Against Corruption of Macao
- •24.2.1 Functions
- •24.2.2 Guidelines on the Professional Ethics and Conduct of Public Servants
- •24.2.3 Performance
- •24.2.4 Structure
- •24.2.5 Personnel Establishment
- •24.3 New Challenges
- •24.3.1 The Case of Ao Man Long
- •24.3.2 Dilemma of Sunshine Law
- •24.4 Conclusion
- •References
- •Appendix A
- •Contents
- •25.1 Introduction
- •25.2 Theoretical Basis of the Reform
- •25.3 Historical Background
- •25.4 Problems in the Civil Service Culture
- •25.5 Systemic Problems
- •25.6 Performance Management Reform
- •25.6.1 Performance Pledges
- •25.6.2 Employee Performance Assessment
- •25.7 Results and Problems
- •25.7.1 Performance Pledge
- •25.7.2 Employee Performance Assessment
- •25.8 Conclusion and Future Development
- •References
- •Contents
- •26.1 Introduction
- •26.2 Civil Service System
- •26.2.1 Types of Civil Servants
- •26.2.2 Bureaucratic Structure
- •26.2.4 Personnel Management
- •26.4 Civil Service Reform
- •26.5 Conclusion
- •References
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
THAILAND, PHILIPPINES, MALAYSIA, HONG KONG, AND MACAO
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
A Comprehensive Publication Program
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
EVAN M. BERMAN
Distinguished University Professor
J. William Fulbright Distinguished Scholar
National Chengchi University
Taipei, Taiwan
Founding Editor
JACK RABIN
1.Public Administration as a Developing Discipline, Robert T. Golembiewski
2.Comparative National Policies on Health Care, Milton I. Roemer, M.D.
3.Exclusionary Injustice:The Problem of Illegally Obtained Evidence,
Steven R. Schlesinger
5.Organization Development in Public Administration, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski and William B. Eddy
7.Approaches to Planned Change, Robert T. Golembiewski
8.Program Evaluation at HEW, edited by James G. Abert
9.The States and the Metropolis, Patricia S. Florestano and Vincent L. Marando
11.Changing Bureaucracies: Understanding the Organization before Selecting the Approach, William A. Medina
12.Handbook on Public Budgeting and Financial Management, edited by Jack Rabin and Thomas D. Lynch
15.Handbook on Public Personnel Administration and Labor Relations, edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller
19. Handbook of Organization Management, edited by William B. Eddy
22.Politics and Administration: Woodrow Wilson and American Public Administration, edited by Jack Rabin and James S. Bowman
23.Making and Managing Policy: Formulation, Analysis, Evaluation, edited by G. Ronald Gilbert
25.Decision Making in the Public Sector, edited by Lloyd G. Nigro
26.Managing Administration, edited by Jack Rabin, Samuel Humes, and Brian S. Morgan
27.Public Personnel Update, edited by Michael Cohen and Robert T. Golembiewski
28.State and Local Government Administration, edited by Jack Rabin and Don Dodd
29.Public Administration: A Bibliographic Guide to the Literature, Howard E. McCurdy
31.Handbook of Information Resource Management, edited by Jack Rabin and Edward M. Jackowski
32.Public Administration in Developed Democracies: A Comparative Study, edited by Donald C. Rowat
33.The Politics ofTerrorism:Third Edition, edited by Michael Stohl
34.Handbook on Human Services Administration, edited by Jack Rabin and Marcia B. Steinhauer
36.Ethics for Bureaucrats: An Essay on Law and Values, Second Edition, John A. Rohr
37.The Guide to the Foundations of Public Administration, Daniel W. Martin
39.Terrorism and Emergency Management: Policy and Administration, William L. Waugh, Jr.
40.Organizational Behavior and Public Management: Second Edition, Michael L. Vasu, Debra W. Stewart, and G. David Garson
43.Government Financial ManagementTheory, Gerald J. Miller
©2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
46.Handbook of Public Budgeting, edited by Jack Rabin
49.Handbook of Court Administration and Management, edited by Steven W. Hays and Cole Blease Graham, Jr.
50.Handbook of Comparative Public Budgeting and Financial Management, edited by Thomas D. Lynch and Lawrence L. Martin
53.Encyclopedia of Policy Studies: Second Edition, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
54.Handbook of Regulation and Administrative Law, edited by David H. Rosenbloom and Richard D. Schwartz
55.Handbook of Bureaucracy, edited by Ali Farazmand
56.Handbook of Public Sector Labor Relations, edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino,
W.Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller
57.Practical Public Management, Robert T. Golembiewski
58.Handbook of Public Personnel Administration, edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino,
W.Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller
60.Handbook of Debt Management, edited by Gerald J. Miller
62.Handbook of Local Government Administration, edited by John J. Gargan
63.Handbook of Administrative Communication, edited by James L. Garnett and Alexander Kouzmin
64.Public Budgeting and Finance: Fourth Edition, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski and Jack Rabin
67.Handbook of Public Finance, edited by Fred Thompson and Mark T. Green
68.Organizational Behavior and Public Management:Third Edition, Michael L. Vasu, Debra W. Stewart, and G. David Garson
69.Handbook of Economic Development, edited by Kuotsai Tom Liou
70.Handbook of Health Administration and Policy, edited by Anne Osborne Kilpatrick and James A. Johnson
72.Handbook onTaxation, edited by W. Bartley Hildreth and James A. Richardson
73. Handbook of Comparative Public Administration in the Asia-Pacific Basin, edited by Hoi-kwok Wong and Hon S. Chan
74. Handbook of Global Environmental Policy and Administration, edited by Dennis L. Soden and Brent S. Steel
75. Handbook of State Government Administration, edited by John J. Gargan 76. Handbook of Global Legal Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
78. Handbook of Global Economic Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
79. Handbook of Strategic Management: Second Edition, edited by Jack Rabin, Gerald J. Miller, and W. Bartley Hildreth
80.Handbook of Global International Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
81.Handbook of Organizational Consultation: Second Edition, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski
82.Handbook of Global Political Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
83.Handbook of GlobalTechnology Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
84.Handbook of Criminal Justice Administration, edited by M. A. DuPont-Morales, Michael K. Hooper, and Judy H. Schmidt
85.Labor Relations in the Public Sector:Third Edition, edited by Richard C. Kearney
86.Handbook of Administrative Ethics: Second Edition, edited by Terry L. Cooper
87.Handbook of Organizational Behavior: Second Edition, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski
88.Handbook of Global Social Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel and Amy Robb
89.Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Sixth Edition, Ferrel Heady
90.Handbook of Public Quality Management, edited by Ronald J. Stupak and Peter M. Leitner
91.Handbook of Public Management Practice and Reform, edited by KuotsaiTom Liou
93.Handbook of Crisis and Emergency Management, edited by Ali Farazmand
94.Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration: Second Edition, edited by Ali Farazmand
©2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
95.Financial Planning and Management in Public Organizations, Alan Walter Steiss and Emeka O. Cyprian Nwagwu
96.Handbook of International Health Care Systems, edited by Khi V. Thai, Edward T. Wimberley, and Sharon M. McManus
97.Handbook of Monetary Policy, edited by Jack Rabin and Glenn L. Stevens
98.Handbook of Fiscal Policy, edited by Jack Rabin and Glenn L. Stevens
99.Public Administration: An Interdisciplinary Critical Analysis, edited by Eran Vigoda
100.Ironies in Organizational Development: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski
101.Science andTechnology ofTerrorism and Counterterrorism, edited by Tushar K. Ghosh, Mark A. Prelas, Dabir S. Viswanath, and Sudarshan K. Loyalka
102.Strategic Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations, Alan Walter Steiss
103.Case Studies in Public Budgeting and Financial Management: Second Edition, edited by Aman Khan and W. Bartley Hildreth
104.Handbook of Conflict Management, edited by William J. Pammer, Jr. and Jerri Killian
105.Chaos Organization and Disaster Management, Alan Kirschenbaum
106.Handbook of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, andTransgender Administration and Policy, edited by Wallace Swan
107.Public Productivity Handbook: Second Edition, edited by Marc Holzer
108.Handbook of Developmental Policy Studies, edited by Gedeon M. Mudacumura, Desta Mebratu and M. Shamsul Haque
109.Bioterrorism in Medical and Healthcare Administration, Laure Paquette
110.International Public Policy and Management: Policy Learning Beyond Regional, Cultural, and Political Boundaries, edited by David Levi-Faur and Eran Vigoda-Gadot
112.Handbook of Public Sector Economics, edited by Donijo Robbins
113.Handbook of Public Administration and Policy in the European Union, edited by
M.Peter van der Hoek
114.Nonproliferation Issues for Weapons of Mass Destruction, Mark A. Prelas and Michael S. Peck
115.Common Ground, Common Future: Moral Agency in Public Administration, Professions, and Citizenship, Charles Garofalo and Dean Geuras
116.Handbook of OrganizationTheory and Management:The Philosophical Approach, Second Edition, edited by Thomas D. Lynch and Peter L. Cruise
117.International Development Governance, edited by Ahmed Shafiqul Huque and Habib Zafarullah
118.Sustainable Development Policy and Administration, edited by Gedeon M. Mudacumura, Desta Mebratu, and M. Shamsul Haque
119.Public Financial Management, edited by Howard A. Frank
120.Handbook of Juvenile Justice:Theory and Practice, edited by Barbara Sims and Pamela Preston
121.Emerging Infectious Diseases and theThreat to Occupational Health in the U.S. and Canada, edited by William Charney
122.Handbook ofTechnology Management in Public Administration, edited by David Greisler and Ronald J. Stupak
123.Handbook of Decision Making, edited by Göktu˘g Morçöl
124.Handbook of Public Administration,Third Edition, edited by Jack Rabin,
W.Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller
125.Handbook of Public Policy Analysis, edited by Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller, and Mara S. Sidney
126.Elements of Effective Governance: Measurement, Accountability and Participation, edited by Kathe Callahan
127.American Public Service: Radical Reform and the Merit System, edited by James S. Bowman and Jonathan P. West
128.Handbook ofTransportation Policy and Administration, edited by Jeremy Plant
129.The Art and Practice of Court Administration, Alexander B. Aikman
©2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
130.Handbook of Globalization, Governance, and Public Administration, edited by Ali Farazmand and Jack Pinkowski
131.Handbook of Globalization and the Environment, edited by Khi V. Thai, Dianne Rahm, and Jerrell D. Coggburn
132.Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Sixth Edition,
Norma M. Riccucci and Katherine C. Naff
133.Handbook of Police Administration, edited by Jim Ruiz and Don Hummer
134.Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration, Second Edition, edited by Kaifeng Yang and Gerald J. Miller
135.Social and Economic Control of Alcohol:The 21st Amendment in the 21st Century, edited by Carole L. Jurkiewicz and Murphy J. Painter
136.Government Public Relations: A Reader, edited by Mordecai Lee
137.Handbook of Military Administration, edited by Jeffrey A. Weber and Johan Eliasson
138.Disaster Management Handbook, edited by Jack Pinkowski
139.Homeland Security Handbook, edited by Jack Pinkowski
140.Health Capital and Sustainable Socioeconomic Development, edited by Patricia A. Cholewka and Mitra M. Motlagh
141.Handbook of Administrative Reform: An International Perspective, edited by Jerri Killian and Niklas Eklund
142.Government Budget Forecasting:Theory and Practice, edited by Jinping Sun and Thomas D. Lynch
143.Handbook of Long-Term Care Administration and Policy, edited by Cynthia Massie Mara and Laura Katz Olson
144.Handbook of Employee Benefits and Administration, edited by Christopher G. Reddick and Jerrell D. Coggburn
145.Business Improvement Districts: Research,Theories, and Controversies, edited by Göktug˘ Morçöl, Lorlene Hoyt, Jack W. Meek, and Ulf Zimmermann
146.International Handbook of Public Procurement, edited by Khi V. Thai
147.State and Local Pension Fund Management, Jun Peng
148.Contracting for Services in State and Local Government Agencies, William Sims Curry
149.Understanding Research Methods: A Guide for the Public and Nonprofit Manager,
Donijo Robbins
150.Labor Relations in the Public Sector, Fourth Edition, Richard Kearney
151.Performance-Based Management Systems: Effective Implementation and Maintenance,
Patria de Lancer Julnes
152.Handbook of Governmental Accounting, edited by Frederic B. Bogui
153.Bureaucracy and Administration, edited by Ali Farazmand
154.Science andTechnology ofTerrorism and Counterterrorism, Second Edition, edited by Tushar K. Ghosh, Mark A. Prelas, Dabir S. Viswanath, and Sudarshan K. Loyalka
155.Handbook of Public Information Systems,Third Edition, edited by Christopher M. Shea and G. David Garson
156.Public Administration in East Asia: Mainland China, Japan, South Korea, andTaiwan, edited by Evan M. Berman, M. Jae Moon, and Heungsuk Choi
157.Public Administration and Law:Third Edition, David H. Rosenbloom, Rosemary O'Leary, and Joshua Chanin
158.Governance Networks in Public Administration and Public Policy, Christopher Koliba, Jack W. Meek, and Asim Zia
159.Public Administration in Southeast Asia:Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Macao, edited by Evan M. Berman
Available Electronically
PublicADMINISTRATIONnetBASE
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
THAILAND, PHILIPPINES, MALAYSIA, HONG KONG, AND MACAO
Edited by
EVAN M. BERMAN
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4200-6476-6 (Hardback)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Public administration in Southeast Asia : Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Macao / editor, Evan M. Berman.
p. cm. -- (Public administration and public policy ; v. 160) Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4200-6476-6 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Public administration--Southeast Asia. 2. Civil service reform--Southeast Asia. 3. Southeast Asia--Politics and government. I. Berman, Evan M.
JQ98.A58P83 2010 |
|
351.59--dc22 |
2010033716 |
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
This book is dedicated to civil servants who, the world over, improve the lives of billions of people.
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC