Dinaricized forms from arabia and central asia

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Fig. 1 (2 views). A highly Dinaricized Arab from Jidda, the pilgrim port of Mekka. Typical of the sailor population found in maritime settlements on all Arabian coasts.

Fig. 2 (2 views). An example of the same type found along the Yemen coast.

Fig. 3 (2 views). A Dinaricized Hadhramauti; partially blond. The Mediterranean element in the Hadhramaut is often Dinaricized by mixture with the coarse, Veddoid- influenced type seen on Plate 19.

Fig. 4 (2 views). An extreme example of the maritime Arab brachycephal; from Lenja, opposite Muscat, on the Persian side of the Persian Gulf. This type probably originated in the general Persian Gulf neighborhood, but this is by no means certain.

Fig. 5 (2 views). An Iranian-speaking native of Russian Turkestan, showing a Dinaricized form of the usual Irano-Afghan type found in Iranian territory.

Fig. 6 (2 views. It is possible but unlikely that these two views represent two sepa­rate individuals). A lowland Tajik from Samarkand, racially a Dinaricized Irano- Afghan. The early oasis population was probably of Mediterranean type, the brachy- cephalizing agent being Alpine, from the Pamirs.

The jews: I

The Jew’s have been left to the end bccause they do not as a whole fit into any single racial classification heretofore outlined. Historically the Jews of the Biblical period in Palestine were a Semitic-speaking people composed of various Mediterranean strains which had blended together at the time of the formation of the Jewish nation. These Mediterranean strains must have included a small Mediterranean type comparable to the present Yemeni Arabs; a taller, longer-faced strain with a tendency to nasal con­vexity, as is found among Irano-Afghan peoples today; and a straight-nosed, presum­ably Atlanto-Mediterranean element contributed by the Philistines.

The Jews began their expansion from Palestine as early as the time of the Babylonian Captivity; at this time they settled Mesopotamia in large numbers, and from there began an expansion into central Asia of which colonies still remain. In the Hellenistic period they migrated into Asia Minor and the Black Sea region, as well as into Egypt; these emigrants became Hellenistic Jews. Under the Romans they settled in Italy, France, and Spain, with especial concentrations in Spain and in the cities of the Rhine­land. The Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 and during previous expulsions became the Sephardim, whose descendants are to be found in various countries bordering on the Mediterranean, especially Morocco, the Salonika region of what is now Greece, and Turkey. The Rhineland Jews, persecuted at the time of the First Crusade, moved east­ward into Poland, the Ukraine, and other central European countries, and met there and absorbed a group of Hellenistic Jews moving westward, among whom were some who had lived among the Turkish Khazars in the Crimea and elsewhere. The two groups blended, and the Germanic speech of the more numerous western element pre­vailed. The modern Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazim are the descendants of this amalga­mated body. Racially they preserve to a large measure their Mediterranean character, altered partly by Alpine admixture which has in many cases produced Dinaricization. This Alpine, as well as some Nordic, admixture was probably obtained largely in France and Germany before their departure eastward. The most persistent Palestinian Mediter­ranean traits which the Jews preserve is a narrowness of the face. The Jewish facial expression, by which many Jews may be distinguished, is a cultural and not a genetic character.

Fig. 1 (1 view, photo W. E. Forbes). A group of Yemcnitic Jews photographed in Sana'a, the Capital of Yemen. These Jews are derived from more than one early Jewish source, but the bulk of their ancestors left Palestine for Arabia very early. Their purely Mediterranean and essentially Jewish facial and cranial character may be easily ob­served. They probably come as close to the original Jewish prototype as do any living Jews.

Fig. 2 (1 view). The Sheikh of the Jewish village of Zerekten, Glawa tribe, Atlas Mountains, Morocco. These Berber-speaking mountain Jews have lived in Morocco since not only pre-Islamic but probably also pre-Christian times; nevertheless they are easily distinguishable from the Berbers with whom they live. The sheikh here repre­sented is aberrantly brachycephalic.

Fig. 3 (1 view). A much more typical mountain Jew from the same colony.

Fig. 4 (1 view). A group of Berber-speaking Jews. The man on the left has a concave nasal profile; he belongs to a coarser Mediterranean type than does the man in Fig. 3, or the tall Yemenitic Jew in Fig. 1.