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Appendix II

GLOSSARY

Adriatic. A name given by Deniker to the Dinaric race. See p. 282.

Aeneolithic. The Copper Age, a period of transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age.

Afalou type. The rugged, oversized racial type found at Afalou bou Rummel in Algeria.

Afghanian. Name proposed in the present work for the skeletal counterpart of the Irano-Afghan race. See p. 85.

Ahrensburg. A tanged-point culture of the Early Mesolithic in northwestern Europe. See p. 70.

Albino. A person totally deficient in pigmentation.

Alopecia. Baldness.

Alpine. A name proposed by Ripley and used in this work in its original sense. The main group of reduced Upper Palaeolithic survivors in Europe and in western and central Asia. See p. 291.

Altaic. A linguistic stock widely prevalent in Asia and to a lesser extent in Europe, including Turkish, Mongolian, Tungusic, and possibly Korean. See pp. 236-240.

Alveolar. Pertaining to the tooth-bearing segments of the maxillary bones.

Alveolar prognathism. A protrusion of the jaws, specifically in the region lying between the nose and the teeth.

Alveon (also prosthion). The most anterior point on the alveolar border of the upper jaw, on the median line between the two upper median incisors.

Anan’ino. An Iron Age culture of east-central Russia, supposedly associated with Finnic-speaking peoples. See p. 224.

Ancylus. Name given the Baltic lake in Boreal times. See pp. 70-71.

Andronovo. A Late Bronze Age culture of southwestern Siberia.

Anglo-Saxon type. A sub-type of Nordic which contains unreduced Upper Palaeolithic mixture. See p. 293.

Annular constriction. An artificial method of altering the head shape by the application of bands.

Anthropometry. The measurement of the bodily characters of human beings.

Arctic Culture. An early Post-Glacial Stone Age culture of northwestern Europe, with marked Upper Palaeolithic survivals.

Arcus senilis. A deposit of fat in the cornea of the eye, which looks gray or blue and often creates a false impression of partial eye blondism. See p. 244.

Armenoid. A Dinaricized Irano-Afghan type. See p. 293.

Artifact. Any object fashioned by man for use.

Ascending ramus. The paired portion of the jawbone which rises from the

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GLOSSARY

667

gonial region at the back of the tooth-bearing portion of the jaw to the con­dyle and coronoid process.

Ash-blond (also cendr6). A class of hair-blondism in which rufosity is totally absent; ash-blond hair has a grayish or “platinum” appearance.

Assyrioid. Deniker’s name for the Armenoid racial type. See p. 282.

Asturian. A Mesolithic culture of northwestern Spain.

Aterian. A protracted and specialized derivative of the Mousterian culture which persisted along the Atlantic coast of Morocco into presumably Post­glacial times. See p. 39.

Athletic.”

The second of the three constitutional types postulated by the stu­dents of human constitution; somatic—heavily muscled, heavy-boned, square.

Atlantic. Name given Period III of Baltic Mesolithic chronology, 5600- 2500 b.c. See pp. 70-72.

Atlanto-Mediterranean. A tall brunet Mediterranean sub-race, the living equivalent of the skeletal Megalithic. Name originally given it by Deniker. See p. 282—see also p. 292 for definition in present classification.

Atlas. The topmost cervical vertebra, which bears the lower pair of condyles upon which the skull balances.

Aunjetitz (Unetic£). The Early Bronze Age culture of the Danubian region.

Auricular. Pertaining to the ear or ear hole.

Auricular head height. The height of the cranial vault measured from the top of the ear hole, or from tragion, to vertex. This measurement is taken on both crania and the living; on the living it is the only head height dimension commonly taken.

Aurignacian. The first of the three Upper Palaeolithic cultures of western Europe, beginning in the warm Laufen Interglacial and ending during the Wurm II advance. More recently found in parts of Asia and Africa.

Australoid. One of the major racial divisions of mankind, typified by the aborigines of Australia.

Axis, axillary. The arm pit. Axis also means the second cervical vertebra from the top.

Azilian. A Mesolithic culture of western Europe.

Badarian. A predynastic culture of Upper Egypt. See p. 94.

Banded. A type of Neolithic pottery, found first in Danubian I, decorated by bands of incisions.

Basion. An anatomical point on the midpoint of the posterior border of the foramen magnum.

Basion-bregma height. The height of the cranial vault from basion to bregma.

Battle-axe people. Another name for the Corded people, who habitually buried double-bitted stone battle-axes with their dead.

Beaker. See Bell Beaker, Zoned Beaker. The term Beaker, used alone, serves conveniently to designate either or both subdivisions.

Bell Beaker. A type of Early Bronze Age pottery characteristic of a culture which is believed to have arisen in Spain, and which had wide ramifications in western and central Europe.


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APPENDIX II

Bell-shaped curve (normal probability curve). A statistical phenomenon; the distribution curve which results under conditions of random sampling when frequencies of consecutive metrical categories are plotted in a significant biometric sample.

Biacrominal diameter. Shoulder breadth, the distance between the acromion processes of the scapulae (shoulder blades) in the living,

Bicondylar diameter. The maximum external distance between the condyles of the mandible.

Bigonial diameter. The maximum distance between the external gonial angles of the mandible, taken both on the dry mandible and on the living.

Bi-iliac diameter. The distance between the iliac crests of the pelvis; maximum hip breadth.

Bimaxillary breadth. The distance between the lower borders of the malar- maxillary sutures of the facial skeleton.

Bimodal. The condition which occurs when two metrically distinct factors are present in a numerically adequate frequency curve so that the curve has two distinct peaks.

Biometric. Pertaining to the accurate measurement of living beings.

Biorbital diameter. The distance between the outer borders of the two bony orbits.

Bizygomatic diameter. The maximum distance between the two zygomatic arches; face breadth.

Boat-axe. Another name for the perforated, double-bitted stone battle-axe used by the Corded people.

Bodily habitus. Constitutional type, bodily build.

Boreal. Period II of the Baltic Mesolithic, from 6800 to 5600 b.c. See pp. 70-71.

Borreby. An unreduced brachycephalic Upper Palaeolithic survivor. See page 291.

Brachycephalic. Possessing a cephalic index of 81.0 to 85.4; round or short headed.

Brachycephalization. The process of producing brachycephaly within a pop­ulation.

Brachycerebral. A term coined to indicate a round or relatively short-brained condition.

Brachycranial. Possessing a cranial index of 80.0 and over, round- or short- skulled.

T) Head height X 100 .

Breadth-height index. —Headbreadth living the height meas­

urement is the auricular height; on the skull the basion-bregma height is usually employed.

Bregma-lambda arc. The sagittal length of the parietal bones, measured on the outer surface of the cranial vault.

Broch. A type of corbelled stone tower of Bronze Age date found in Scotland. See p. 148.

Browridge. A prominence of the frontal area immediately above the orbits and nasal root, and, on the living, underlying the eyebrows.

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