Nordics altered by northwestern european upper palaeolithic mixture: I

Throughout the northwestern European area, from the British Isles to the Baltic States, and as far south as southern Belgium, south-central Germany, and the Carpa­thians, the Nordic race has combined and blended profusely with various types of unre­duced Upper Palaeolithic survivors. Examples of such blendings will be seen on this and the next two plates.

Fig. 1 (3 views). A Norwegian from Bergen; metrically for the most part Nordic, but with a high mesocephalic head form, a high cranial vault, and Brunn or Borreby-like suggestions in the formation of the nose and mouth. This is the type called Tronder by the Norwegian anthropologists, owing to its concentration in North and South Tron- delagen, on the central Norwegian coast. An “Irish” look is often a feature of this type, showing its relationship to the Palaeolithic element in Ireland.

Fig. 2 (3 views). A Bergen sea captain, of the same general type, brachycephalic ow­ing to an increase in head breadth unaccompanied by length reduction. The Tronder type is usually higher-headed, longer-faced, less dolichocephalic, and heavier in body build and in facial features than the Eastern Valley or Hallstatt Iron Age Nordic type.

Fig. 3 (3 views). Trondelag-like types are by no means confined to Norway. This individual is a Lett from Kurland of predominantly Nordic affiliation, but broader- headed and less delicate of facial features than the classic Iron Age type. Nordics of this general class are common in the Baltic Republics.

Fig. 4 (3 views). A Highland Scot from Morayshire; tall, large-headed, brown­haired, with an extremely long face and a high cranial vault, he represents a local North British Trondelag approximation, either through the absorption of indigenous Upper Palaeolithic elements, or through importation from Ireland with the Gaelic in­vasions, or from Scandinavia.

Nordics altered by northwestern european upper palaeolithic mixture: II

Fig. 1 (3 views), A Netherlander from Geiderland in the northern Netherlands. Gelderland and Friesland are the home of overgrown Nordics with long faces and high heads; showing both Corded and Briinn or Borreby tendencies. This individual is abso­lutely long-headed for a mesocephalic index, and beak-nosed, in accordance with the local type under discussion. He is, however, a relatively little altered Nordic.

Fig. 2 (3 views). A Schleswig-Holsteiner from Elmshorn, on the Danish border. He is a very blond, golden-haired Nordic of relatively great body size, with all lateral di­mensions of head and face broadened by Borreby mixture; the morphological features of the head and face, however, remain essentially Nordic.

Fig. 3 (3 views). An equally blond specimen of the same type from Hannover, made much more brachycephalic through a reduction in head length. Nordics, brachyceph- alized in head form and made larger and more lateral in bodily proportions through Borreby admixture, form the major element in the population of northern and central Germany.

Fig. 4 (3 views). A heavily built Galician Pole, light red haired, and brachycephalic; a Slavic counterpart of the North German type depicted above. He is basically similar to the Ruthenian mountaineer shown on Plate 8, Fig. 1, but shows a more strongly Nordic racial character.