- •Навчальний посібник
- •The subjunctive
- •The formulaic subjunctive.
- •God be praised!
- •God bless you!
- •Nursery Rhyme
- •1. Translate the word combinations in brackets into English.
- •2. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •3. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •Exclamatory sentences.
- •4. Finish each of these sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the perfect form.
- •8. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Replace the infinitive by the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •Had better
- •13. Translate into English.
- •I’d rather / sooner
- •14. Translate into English.
- •Independent clauses and simple sentences.
- •Sentences without implied condition
- •15. Use the verb in brackets in the appropriate form.
- •16. Translate into English.
- •17. Translate into English.
- •The conditional
- •The conditional tenses. The present conditional tense.
- •The perfect conditional tense.
- •Conditional sentences.
- •Suppose he himself gave her the injections …
- •Three kinds of conditional sentences
- •If I may be frank if you’ll allow me to say so
- •21. Translate into English.
- •Should in conditional 1
- •22. Make the condition less probable by using should.
- •Suppose and imagine.
- •23. Translate into English.
- •24. Translate into English.
- •25. Translate into English.
- •Conditional sentences type 2.
- •Conditional sentences type 3.
- •26. Choose which ending is possible for each sentence.
- •27. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete the questions in the conversations using the words given or your own ideas.
- •28. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form. (Use forms of can, might, etc. Where suitable.)
- •29. Translate into English.
- •30. Translate into English.
- •31. Translate into English.
- •32. Complete the sentences in the conversation using the ideas given.
- •33. Make a ‘chain story’.
- •34. Fill in each blank to complete the unreal condition.
- •35. Translate into English.
- •36. Translate into English.
- •37. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete them using the words given or your own ideas.
- •38. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •39. Translate into English.
- •40. Translate into English.
- •Mixed conditionals.
- •41. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •42. Fill in each blank with the correct form of a verb. These sentences have mixed tenses.
- •43. Translate into English.
- •44. Translate into English.
- •45. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •46. Look at the pairs of pictures below and imagine yourself in each situation. Write what you would say usingif. There may be several possibilities for each pair.
- •47. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Both real conditions and unreal conditions are used.
- •48. Translate into English.
- •49. Translate into English.
- •Wishing
- •50. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •51. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the present.
- •52. Translate into English.
- •53. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •54. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the past.
- •55. Translate into English.
- •56. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •58. Look at the pictures and say what each person wishes, using the words given.
- •59. Fill in each blank to show a desire that someone does something differently.
- •60. Translate into English.
- •61. Complete the conversations with a sentence using wish.
- •62. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. (Use could where suitable.)
- •64. Answer the following questions according to the model, mind the form of the auxiliary verb.
- •65. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •66. Paraphrase the following sentences using object clause after the verb "wish".
- •67. Translate into English.
- •68. Translate into English.
- •69. Open the brackets.
- •70. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •71. Translate into English.
- •72. Translate into English.
- •73. Open the brackets.
- •74. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •75. Translate into English.
- •76. Translate into English.
- •77. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •78. Translate into English.
- •79. Complete each of these sentences twice, once using should and once using another structure.
- •80. Fill in the gaps using the words given. There is usually more than one possible answer.
- •81. Open the brackets using the Subjunctive Mood.
- •82. Translate into English.
- •83. Translate into English.
- •As if / as though There is no difference between as if and as though.
- •The difference is clearer with obviously unreal comparisons:
- •84. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •85. Paraphrase the parts in bold type.
- •86. Answer the following questions according to the model.
- •87. Translate into English.
- •88. Translate into English.
- •It is time…
- •89. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •90. Paraphrase the sentences using the expression It is (about, high) time.
- •91. Translate into English.
- •92. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •Even if / even though.
- •93. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •94. Translate into English.
- •95. Translate into English.
- •96. Translate into English.
- •97. Translate into English.
- •98. Translate into English.
- •99. Translate into English.
- •100. Translate into English.
- •101. Translate into English.
- •Indirect speech and reporting
- •Conditional sentences in indirect speech.
- •Revision task 1.
- •Task 2.
I’d rather / sooner
I’d rather / sooner is used with normal tenses when comparing nouns and phrases:
I’d rather be a sailor than a soldier.
We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air.
I’d rather / sooner is followed by past tenses when it expresses a personal preference about actions:
Shall I give you a cheque? – I’d rather you paid cash.
Would you like him to paint it? – No, I’d rather he didn’t.
I’d much rather you had stayed at home.
Rather than … would + infinitive is possible in formal English:
Rather than let him go to prison I would pay his fine myself.
14. Translate into English.
1. - Мені почекати тут? - Я б зволів, щоб ви зайшли до будинку. 2. Я б зволів, щоб ви нікому не розповідали про те, що я вам зараз повідомив. 3. - Ви не заперечуєте, якщо я закурю? - Я б зволів, щоб ви не курили в цій кімнаті. 4. Я б зволів, щоб ви не відкладали на завтра те, що можна зробити сьогодні. 5. Я б зволів, щоб ви спочатку радилися із мною, а потім приймали такі важливі рішення. 6. Я б зволів, щоб ти якнайменше розповідав про нашу спільну роботу. 7. Я б зволів, щоб ти тримав свою думку при собі, поки тебе не запитають. 8. - Чому ти вчора не зайшов? - Я б зволів, щоб про це не знав ніхто, крім тебе. 9. Я б зволів, щоб ти не втручалася в цю сварку. 10. Я б зволіла, щоб ти зробив усе сам без сторонньої допомоги. 11. Я б зволів, щоб ми зупинилися в готелі, а не у твоїх родичів. 12. Я б зволів, щоб ти чим-небудь зайнявся, а не сидів без діла. 13. Я б зволіла, щоб ми не обговорювали цю справу при сторонніх. 14. Я б зволіла, щоб ти нікуди не ходив; вже досить темно. 15. Я б зволіла, щоб ти дотримувався порад лікаря й не пив так багато кави. 16. Я б зволіла, щоб ти обідав разом з усіма, а не тоді, коли тобі захочеться. 17. Я б зволів, щоб ми зняли кімнату побільше; ця занадто мала для студії. 18. Я б зволів, щоб ти взагалі не піднімав цього питання. 19. Тепер вона зволіла б, щоб він не вступав до цього інституту. 20. Звичайно, я зволів би, щоб ви посадили собаку на ланцюг.
§ 13.
THE WERE- SUBJUNCTIVE.
It is often used after if (or other words which have the same meaning, e.g. suppose), as if and I wish.
It would be different if he were a member of our religion.
Mr March began to grumble, almost as if he were parodying himself.
“I wish it were not so,” said Charles.
§ 14.
In every case, however, this use is highly formal and pedantic. Most people would say, and even prefer to write, should in the that-clause. Should is used in subordinate clauses when we are making an emotional reaction to the verb in the that-clause:
She was amused that Charles should want to be a doctor.
It’s ridiculous that you should think of it.
Certain verbs can be followed by that + subject + should as an alternative to a gerund or infinitive construction. That . . . should is particularly useful in the passive and sometimes is the only possible passive form.
That . . . should is more formal than a gerund or infinitive construction and usually implies less direct contact between the advisers/organizers etc. and the people who are to carry out the action.
§ 15.