- •Навчальний посібник
- •The subjunctive
- •The formulaic subjunctive.
- •God be praised!
- •God bless you!
- •Nursery Rhyme
- •1. Translate the word combinations in brackets into English.
- •2. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •3. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •Exclamatory sentences.
- •4. Finish each of these sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the perfect form.
- •8. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Replace the infinitive by the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •Had better
- •13. Translate into English.
- •I’d rather / sooner
- •14. Translate into English.
- •Independent clauses and simple sentences.
- •Sentences without implied condition
- •15. Use the verb in brackets in the appropriate form.
- •16. Translate into English.
- •17. Translate into English.
- •The conditional
- •The conditional tenses. The present conditional tense.
- •The perfect conditional tense.
- •Conditional sentences.
- •Suppose he himself gave her the injections …
- •Three kinds of conditional sentences
- •If I may be frank if you’ll allow me to say so
- •21. Translate into English.
- •Should in conditional 1
- •22. Make the condition less probable by using should.
- •Suppose and imagine.
- •23. Translate into English.
- •24. Translate into English.
- •25. Translate into English.
- •Conditional sentences type 2.
- •Conditional sentences type 3.
- •26. Choose which ending is possible for each sentence.
- •27. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete the questions in the conversations using the words given or your own ideas.
- •28. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form. (Use forms of can, might, etc. Where suitable.)
- •29. Translate into English.
- •30. Translate into English.
- •31. Translate into English.
- •32. Complete the sentences in the conversation using the ideas given.
- •33. Make a ‘chain story’.
- •34. Fill in each blank to complete the unreal condition.
- •35. Translate into English.
- •36. Translate into English.
- •37. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete them using the words given or your own ideas.
- •38. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •39. Translate into English.
- •40. Translate into English.
- •Mixed conditionals.
- •41. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •42. Fill in each blank with the correct form of a verb. These sentences have mixed tenses.
- •43. Translate into English.
- •44. Translate into English.
- •45. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •46. Look at the pairs of pictures below and imagine yourself in each situation. Write what you would say usingif. There may be several possibilities for each pair.
- •47. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Both real conditions and unreal conditions are used.
- •48. Translate into English.
- •49. Translate into English.
- •Wishing
- •50. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •51. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the present.
- •52. Translate into English.
- •53. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •54. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the past.
- •55. Translate into English.
- •56. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •58. Look at the pictures and say what each person wishes, using the words given.
- •59. Fill in each blank to show a desire that someone does something differently.
- •60. Translate into English.
- •61. Complete the conversations with a sentence using wish.
- •62. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. (Use could where suitable.)
- •64. Answer the following questions according to the model, mind the form of the auxiliary verb.
- •65. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •66. Paraphrase the following sentences using object clause after the verb "wish".
- •67. Translate into English.
- •68. Translate into English.
- •69. Open the brackets.
- •70. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •71. Translate into English.
- •72. Translate into English.
- •73. Open the brackets.
- •74. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •75. Translate into English.
- •76. Translate into English.
- •77. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •78. Translate into English.
- •79. Complete each of these sentences twice, once using should and once using another structure.
- •80. Fill in the gaps using the words given. There is usually more than one possible answer.
- •81. Open the brackets using the Subjunctive Mood.
- •82. Translate into English.
- •83. Translate into English.
- •As if / as though There is no difference between as if and as though.
- •The difference is clearer with obviously unreal comparisons:
- •84. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •85. Paraphrase the parts in bold type.
- •86. Answer the following questions according to the model.
- •87. Translate into English.
- •88. Translate into English.
- •It is time…
- •89. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •90. Paraphrase the sentences using the expression It is (about, high) time.
- •91. Translate into English.
- •92. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •Even if / even though.
- •93. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •94. Translate into English.
- •95. Translate into English.
- •96. Translate into English.
- •97. Translate into English.
- •98. Translate into English.
- •99. Translate into English.
- •100. Translate into English.
- •101. Translate into English.
- •Indirect speech and reporting
- •Conditional sentences in indirect speech.
- •Revision task 1.
- •Task 2.
68. Translate into English.
1. Шкода, що в нас не буде ялинки на Новий рік. 2. Шкода, що ти не маєш вищої освіти. 3. Шкода, що ти не бачила єгипетські піраміди. Незабутнє видовище. 4. Як шкода, що нам з вами не по дорозі. Я б міг вас підвезти. 5. Шкода, що йде сніг. 6. Мені б хотілося подивитися цей фільм ще раз. 7. Я дуже шкодую, що не зможу піти завтра на вашу лекцію. 8. Шкода, що я ще не можу прочитати цю книгу в оригіналі. 9. Дарма ви доручили йому цю роботу, це йому не під силу. 10. Мій брат шкодував, що не був присутній при проведенні цього досвіду. 11. Мені б хотілося, щоб ви ще раз обміркували мою пропозицію, перш ніж відкинути її остаточно. 12. Шкода, що ми так і не зустрілися перед від'їздом. 13. Дарма ми не обговорили п'єсу відразу після того, як її подивилися. 14. Краще б ти не був такий упертий і послухав, що говорять товариші. 15. Я б хотів, щоб ви все-таки прочитали цю книгу. 16. Шкода, що ви не оглянули визначні пам'ятки нашого міста. 17. Шкода, що цю посаду дадуть не тобі. 18. Шкода, що наша багаторічна дружба припинилася так раптово. 19. Шкода, що ти не вважаєш своїм обов'язком сказати мені про це. 20. Шкода, що в тебе немає доказів. 21. Шкода, що мрячить дощ! Було б здорово прогулятися по лісі! 22. Шкода, що вона не дочекається вашого приїзду. 23. Шкода, що ми не домовилися про наступну зустріч. 24. Шкода, що ми не зустрілися 20 років тому. 25. Шкода, що тобі не до жартів; я знаю кілька нових анекдотів. 26. Хотілося б, щоб ви залишили цю тему. 27. Шкода, що всім нам не вистачить місця в машині. 28. Хотілося б скористатися твоєю порадою, але це неможливо. 29. Хотілося б, щоб хто-небудь вніс ясність у це питання. 30. Шкода, що цю книгу не включили до списку літератури на цей семестр. 31. Краще б ви самі узялися за діло. 32. Вони шкодували, що не полетіли в Хабаровськ літаком, вони б заощадили два дні.
§ 44.
THE MANDATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE.
It is used in subordinate that-clauses when the main clause contains an expression of demand, proposal, recommendation and so on. The mandative subjunctive may also follow the construction It is important / desirable (etc.) that … The mandative subjunctive consists of the base form of the verb.
They demand that Sir Philip resign his position.
It was imperative that Ann stop giving information.
This subjunctive use occurs in that-clauses following:
VERBS like decide demand insist order prefer propose require suggest
ADJECTIVES like advisable desirable essential fitting imperative necessary vital
NOUNS like decision demand insistence order resolution requirement
§ 45.
In every case, however, this use is highly formal and pedantic. Most people would say, and even prefer to write, should in the that-clause. Should is used in subordinate clauses when we are making an emotional reaction to the verb in the that-clause:
She was amused that Charles should want to be a doctor.
It’s ridiculous that you should think of it.
Certain verbs can be followed by that + subject + should as an alternative to a gerund or infinitive construction. That . . . should is particularly useful in the passive and sometimes is the only possible passive form.
That . . . should is more formal than a gerund or infinitive construction and usually implies less direct contact between the advisers/organizers etc. and the people who are to carry out the action.