- •Навчальний посібник
- •The subjunctive
- •The formulaic subjunctive.
- •God be praised!
- •God bless you!
- •Nursery Rhyme
- •1. Translate the word combinations in brackets into English.
- •2. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •3. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •Exclamatory sentences.
- •4. Finish each of these sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the perfect form.
- •8. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Replace the infinitive by the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •Had better
- •13. Translate into English.
- •I’d rather / sooner
- •14. Translate into English.
- •Independent clauses and simple sentences.
- •Sentences without implied condition
- •15. Use the verb in brackets in the appropriate form.
- •16. Translate into English.
- •17. Translate into English.
- •The conditional
- •The conditional tenses. The present conditional tense.
- •The perfect conditional tense.
- •Conditional sentences.
- •Suppose he himself gave her the injections …
- •Three kinds of conditional sentences
- •If I may be frank if you’ll allow me to say so
- •21. Translate into English.
- •Should in conditional 1
- •22. Make the condition less probable by using should.
- •Suppose and imagine.
- •23. Translate into English.
- •24. Translate into English.
- •25. Translate into English.
- •Conditional sentences type 2.
- •Conditional sentences type 3.
- •26. Choose which ending is possible for each sentence.
- •27. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete the questions in the conversations using the words given or your own ideas.
- •28. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form. (Use forms of can, might, etc. Where suitable.)
- •29. Translate into English.
- •30. Translate into English.
- •31. Translate into English.
- •32. Complete the sentences in the conversation using the ideas given.
- •33. Make a ‘chain story’.
- •34. Fill in each blank to complete the unreal condition.
- •35. Translate into English.
- •36. Translate into English.
- •37. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete them using the words given or your own ideas.
- •38. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •39. Translate into English.
- •40. Translate into English.
- •Mixed conditionals.
- •41. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •42. Fill in each blank with the correct form of a verb. These sentences have mixed tenses.
- •43. Translate into English.
- •44. Translate into English.
- •45. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •46. Look at the pairs of pictures below and imagine yourself in each situation. Write what you would say usingif. There may be several possibilities for each pair.
- •47. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Both real conditions and unreal conditions are used.
- •48. Translate into English.
- •49. Translate into English.
- •Wishing
- •50. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •51. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the present.
- •52. Translate into English.
- •53. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •54. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the past.
- •55. Translate into English.
- •56. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •58. Look at the pictures and say what each person wishes, using the words given.
- •59. Fill in each blank to show a desire that someone does something differently.
- •60. Translate into English.
- •61. Complete the conversations with a sentence using wish.
- •62. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. (Use could where suitable.)
- •64. Answer the following questions according to the model, mind the form of the auxiliary verb.
- •65. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •66. Paraphrase the following sentences using object clause after the verb "wish".
- •67. Translate into English.
- •68. Translate into English.
- •69. Open the brackets.
- •70. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •71. Translate into English.
- •72. Translate into English.
- •73. Open the brackets.
- •74. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •75. Translate into English.
- •76. Translate into English.
- •77. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •78. Translate into English.
- •79. Complete each of these sentences twice, once using should and once using another structure.
- •80. Fill in the gaps using the words given. There is usually more than one possible answer.
- •81. Open the brackets using the Subjunctive Mood.
- •82. Translate into English.
- •83. Translate into English.
- •As if / as though There is no difference between as if and as though.
- •The difference is clearer with obviously unreal comparisons:
- •84. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •85. Paraphrase the parts in bold type.
- •86. Answer the following questions according to the model.
- •87. Translate into English.
- •88. Translate into English.
- •It is time…
- •89. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •90. Paraphrase the sentences using the expression It is (about, high) time.
- •91. Translate into English.
- •92. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •Even if / even though.
- •93. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •94. Translate into English.
- •95. Translate into English.
- •96. Translate into English.
- •97. Translate into English.
- •98. Translate into English.
- •99. Translate into English.
- •100. Translate into English.
- •101. Translate into English.
- •Indirect speech and reporting
- •Conditional sentences in indirect speech.
- •Revision task 1.
- •Task 2.
Independent clauses and simple sentences.
To express unreality in simple sentences and independent clauses we use modal auxiliaries would / could / should / might + simple / perfect infinitive. Simple infinitive refers the action to the present or future:
She would be a good teacher.
Perfect infinitive refers the action to the past:
She would have made a good teacher.
§ 16.
Sentences without implied condition
Sometimes the forms expressing unreality are found in sentences without implied condition. They serve to lend the sentence a milder and more polite shade of meaning.
“How long did you wait?” “I would say a good five minutes.”
“I suppose I’m ready to accept their offer.” “I should think you are.”
Will and would can be used as polite forms:
If you will/would wait here, I’ll see if Mrs. Green is free.
15. Use the verb in brackets in the appropriate form.
1. I (not to advise) you to act hastily in the situation. 2. He never (to leave) you so soon, but he had some very urgent matter to attend to. 3. We (to stay) much longer but for the late hour. 4. There were not so many people as one (to expect). 5. They (to start) earlier, but they promised to wait for him. 6. I think nobody (to object) to having a day off tomorrow. 7. Everyone in your place (to inquire) for her address the very first thing. 8. It was possible to make it some other day, but it (not to make) much difference. 9. But for a week's delay the year's quota (to be fulfilled) well ahead of schedule. 10. But for his impatience with the pupils, he (to make) a good teacher. 11. Then she wanted warm water. “If I just (to have) a little hot water,” she said in a weak voice without particular hope. 12. “If I (to be) her father,” he thought, “ … or brother.” 13. Sometimes he hated me. Oh, if you (to know) what agonies I endured! 14. If only she (may appear) at this instant! 15. If only he (to learn) to read and write, to use pencil and paper for storing things from the mind, as this man and others, like him did! 16. If it (to be) only the other way! If it (to be) I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! 17. If the picture (can change) and I (can be) always what I am now! 18. Oh, if you only (to know) what I've suffered! 19. Oh, that she never (to come) to see it again! 20. But for the promise, she never (to come). 21. If only he (to be) free this week! He (to be) your untiring guide around the city. 22. Oh, if I (not to make) the mistake! Everything (to look) different now. 23. If only we (can avoid) misunderstandings! It (to make) things so much simpler in future! 24. “If mother (to cry)! It (to be) better,” Lanny thought. 25. Sarie tried to see herself as a coloured person, “If I (to be) coloured and Lanny white? How I (to feel)?”
16. Translate into English.
1. Наступного тижня вона прочитала б більшу частину цих книг. 2. Якби я зустрів його раніше! 3. Вам потрібно займатися спортом. Ви б не були таким повним. 4. Я б зволів, щоб він не займався цим питанням у той час. 5. Я давно б зачинив вікно. 6. Ах, якби завжди було так! 7. Усього тиждень тому ми не вживали б заходів проти цього. 8. У той час він прийняв би таке призначення без вагання. 9. Я б взяв таксі, але в мене немає грошей. 10. Якби це могло повторитися! 11. Чому ти не хочеш поговорити з ним? Твої слова підбадьорили б його. 12. Краще переклади ще одну статтю, тобі це не зашкодить. 13. Якби не важливість питання, ми перенесли б обговорення на наступний день. 14. Навіщо ти накрив на стіл? Я б сама це зробила. 15. Я хочу, щоб ви переговорили з ним. Ви б переконали його не робити цього. 16. Якби ви тільки знали, як я хвилювався. 17. Я б зайнявся цією справою сам, але я буду завтра цілий день зайнятий на конференції. 18. Я б зволів, щоб цього не трапилося! 19. Я б розповів йому про все, але я не зміг йому дозвонитися. 20. Чому б тобі не звернутися за порадою до містера Брауна? Він би підказав тобі, що робити; він би навіть допоміг тобі з приготуванням. 21. Ти б краще подружився з Ніком! Тобі б пішло це на користь. 22. Чому ти вчора не зайшов? Тобі б сподобалася розповідь Тома про його подорож до Африки. 23. Якби був хоч один шанс із десяти! 24. З вашої сторони було дуже передбачливо залишити для нього записку; чекати на нього не мало б сенсу. 25. Я б зволів, щоб ти все честно йому розповіла.