- •Навчальний посібник
- •The subjunctive
- •The formulaic subjunctive.
- •God be praised!
- •God bless you!
- •Nursery Rhyme
- •1. Translate the word combinations in brackets into English.
- •2. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •3. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •Exclamatory sentences.
- •4. Finish each of these sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the perfect form.
- •8. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Replace the infinitive by the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •Had better
- •13. Translate into English.
- •I’d rather / sooner
- •14. Translate into English.
- •Independent clauses and simple sentences.
- •Sentences without implied condition
- •15. Use the verb in brackets in the appropriate form.
- •16. Translate into English.
- •17. Translate into English.
- •The conditional
- •The conditional tenses. The present conditional tense.
- •The perfect conditional tense.
- •Conditional sentences.
- •Suppose he himself gave her the injections …
- •Three kinds of conditional sentences
- •If I may be frank if you’ll allow me to say so
- •21. Translate into English.
- •Should in conditional 1
- •22. Make the condition less probable by using should.
- •Suppose and imagine.
- •23. Translate into English.
- •24. Translate into English.
- •25. Translate into English.
- •Conditional sentences type 2.
- •Conditional sentences type 3.
- •26. Choose which ending is possible for each sentence.
- •27. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete the questions in the conversations using the words given or your own ideas.
- •28. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form. (Use forms of can, might, etc. Where suitable.)
- •29. Translate into English.
- •30. Translate into English.
- •31. Translate into English.
- •32. Complete the sentences in the conversation using the ideas given.
- •33. Make a ‘chain story’.
- •34. Fill in each blank to complete the unreal condition.
- •35. Translate into English.
- •36. Translate into English.
- •37. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete them using the words given or your own ideas.
- •38. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •39. Translate into English.
- •40. Translate into English.
- •Mixed conditionals.
- •41. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •42. Fill in each blank with the correct form of a verb. These sentences have mixed tenses.
- •43. Translate into English.
- •44. Translate into English.
- •45. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •46. Look at the pairs of pictures below and imagine yourself in each situation. Write what you would say usingif. There may be several possibilities for each pair.
- •47. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Both real conditions and unreal conditions are used.
- •48. Translate into English.
- •49. Translate into English.
- •Wishing
- •50. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •51. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the present.
- •52. Translate into English.
- •53. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •54. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the past.
- •55. Translate into English.
- •56. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •58. Look at the pictures and say what each person wishes, using the words given.
- •59. Fill in each blank to show a desire that someone does something differently.
- •60. Translate into English.
- •61. Complete the conversations with a sentence using wish.
- •62. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. (Use could where suitable.)
- •64. Answer the following questions according to the model, mind the form of the auxiliary verb.
- •65. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •66. Paraphrase the following sentences using object clause after the verb "wish".
- •67. Translate into English.
- •68. Translate into English.
- •69. Open the brackets.
- •70. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •71. Translate into English.
- •72. Translate into English.
- •73. Open the brackets.
- •74. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •75. Translate into English.
- •76. Translate into English.
- •77. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •78. Translate into English.
- •79. Complete each of these sentences twice, once using should and once using another structure.
- •80. Fill in the gaps using the words given. There is usually more than one possible answer.
- •81. Open the brackets using the Subjunctive Mood.
- •82. Translate into English.
- •83. Translate into English.
- •As if / as though There is no difference between as if and as though.
- •The difference is clearer with obviously unreal comparisons:
- •84. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •85. Paraphrase the parts in bold type.
- •86. Answer the following questions according to the model.
- •87. Translate into English.
- •88. Translate into English.
- •It is time…
- •89. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •90. Paraphrase the sentences using the expression It is (about, high) time.
- •91. Translate into English.
- •92. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •Even if / even though.
- •93. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •94. Translate into English.
- •95. Translate into English.
- •96. Translate into English.
- •97. Translate into English.
- •98. Translate into English.
- •99. Translate into English.
- •100. Translate into English.
- •101. Translate into English.
- •Indirect speech and reporting
- •Conditional sentences in indirect speech.
- •Revision task 1.
- •Task 2.
The formulaic subjunctive.
In a limited number of cases the use of forms expressing unreality has become a matter of tradition and is to be treated as set-phrases as other sentences can’t be built up on their patterns. The present subjunctive is used in certain exclamations to express a wish or hope, very often involving supernatural powers. The commonest formulas and fixed phrases in which we use the subjunctive in everyday language include:
Long live the King!
God save the King!
God be praised!
Success attend you! / May success attend you!
Be yours a happy marriage / meeting !
God bless you!
God forbid / Heaven forbid…
So be it / Be it so…
Come what will / Happen what may…
Be this as it may…
As it were…
As luck would have it / As ill (bad) luck would have it …
Suffice to say that…
Far be it from me to …
May you have a long and happy life!
Long may you live to enjoy it!
Much good may it do you!
Curse …
If need be …
God grant that …
Be it X or be it Y…
Manners be hanged / Grammar be hanged!
‘ Fee, fi, fo, fum,
I smell the blood of an Englishman,
Be he alive or be he dead,
I’ll grind his bones to make my bread.’
Nursery Rhyme
It is sometimes used in poetry, either to express a wish or in clauses of condition or concession:
SHAKESPEARE: If this be error, and upon me proved… ( If this is error…)
1. Translate the word combinations in brackets into English.
1. It has been my conviction for many years that the Russian and the Englishman are, (такби мовити), the complementary parts of a man. 2. I despaired of explaining, and at that moment, (на лихо), Rage’s house was left when Rawdon and his wife returned to London. 3. (Дай Бог) that my suspicion may prove groundless! 4. (Я далекий від думки) to put pressure upon a son of his as regards any profession. 5. Nothing like having an old lady to look after to steady a chap … but, (налихо), Captain Anthony had no mother living. 6. As he was leaving the room he looked back at Sybil Merton’s photograph, and swore that, (хай буде,що буде), he would never let her know what he was doing for her sake. 7. (Боже збав) to leave you alone with that scoundrel. 8. You are as right as can be and (я далекий від думки) to tell you otherwise. 9. He was, (так би мовити), the missing link between the artist and the public. 10. (Хай буде,що буде), I am not going to allow your name get into this case. 11. “(Боже збав),” father said when I told him I wanted to be an actress. 12. And, (на лихо), on this night, father had been drinking too. 13. He was determined to go, (як би те не було), in the late afternoon. 14. Towards the evening the weather turned hazy, with a drizzling rain and soon became so thick, that we sailed, (так би мовити), in a cloud. 15. (Хвала Богу), she was not one of those mothers who threw fits in emergency. 16. (На лихо), no one was hurt. 17. (Я далекий від думки) to marry any woman on account of her money. 18. “(Господи бережи нас) always,” I said, “from the innocent and the good.” 19. (Хай вдача буде з вами) From what I know the trip is going to be long and dangerous.