FACTS & HINTS
HIGH-YIELD FACTS
Clinical Points
Ankle Sprain
As a result of tears in fibers of ligaments supporting the ankle
Commonlythe result of forced inversion of foot causing strain on weaker lateral ligaments
Anterior talofibular ligament most likelyto tear
Result in instabilityof ankle joint
Calcaneofibular ligament mayalso be torn
Ankle Fracture
Severe ankle strain mayfracture the medial, or more commonly, the lateral malleolus
APott's fracture-dislocation occurs when foot is forcefullyeverted, shearing off the medial malleolus
Lateral malleolus is then snapped as the talus moves laterally
Mayalso fracture fibula above distal tibiofibular joint and distal end of tibia
Plantar Fasciitis
Microtrauma to proximal attachment of the plantar aponeurosis to the calcaneus, resulting in inflammation of plantar aponeurosis Caused byrepetitive strain on the longitudinal plantar arch, such as during extensive running or high impact aerobics
Pain felt over the proximal plantar surface of the foot Especiallypainful after sitting and first thing in the morning Treatment is conservative with rest and analgesia
MNEMONICS
Memory Aids
|
Structures traveling behind medial malleolus |
|
Tom, Dick ANd Harry |
|
|
|
(anterior to posterior): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus flexor Hallucis longus AN= Posterior |
|
|
|
|
|
tibial Arteryand tibial Nerve |
|
|
|
|
|
Interossei muscles: Plantar interossei Adduct the digits (PAD) Dorsal |
|
|
|
|
|
interossei Abduct the digits (DAB) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
page 268 |
|
|
|
|
|
page 269 |
|
|
Muscles that can potentiallybe absent in the body:5 P's: |
|
|||
|
Palmaris longus |
[Upper limb] |
|
||
|
Plantaris |
[Lower limb] |
|
||
|
Peroneus* |
[Lower limb] |
|
||
|
Pyramidalis |
[Anterior abdominal wall] |
|
||
|
Psoas minor |
[Posterior abdominal wall] |
|
||
* = peroneus (fibularis) tertius
417 / 425