FACTS & HINTS

High-Yield Facts

Clinical Points

Diseases such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis and lymphoma cause hilar lymphadenopathythat is visible in chest radiographs. Pneumonia: a bacterial or viral infection of the lung that can lead to widespread systemic infection and lung collapse. Pneumonia is frequentlyconfined to a single lobe of one lung and is called lobar pneumonia. It can be clearlyseen circumscribed to one lobe in a chest radiograph.

The entryof air into a pleural cavitybecause of a penetrating wound or a fractured rib is called a pneumothoraxand results in partial or total collapse of the lung.

The escape of fluid into the pleural cavity(pleural effusion) is called hydrothorax; if the fluid is blood, the condition is known as a hemothorax, and if it is chyle from the thoracic duct, it is called a chylothorax.

Inflammation of the pleurae is called pleuritis or pleurisy; resulting friction between the two pleurae (pleural rub) is verypainful and can be heard with a stethoscope.

The inflamed pleurae mayadhere to each other (pleural adhesion)

Squamous cell or oat cell carcinoma is a common cancer of the lung, usuallycaused bysmoking, that maybe indicated bya persistent cough or spitting of blood (hemoptysis).

page 108 page 109

Mnemonics

Memory Aids

Let's playthe violin:L = lung pleura, P = parietal V = visceral

3 Ps:Parietal Pleura innervated bythe Phrenic nerve

Victor has no sensation:Visceral pleura has no sensoryinnervation

Causes of Hilar Lymphadenopathy:Tell Some Lies:Tuberculosis, Sarcoidosis, Lymphoma

Bronchopulmonarysegments:Apes And Possums Might Light LAMPS:(Upper lobe: Apical, Anterior, Posterior; Middle lobe: Medial and Lateral; Lower lobe: Lateral, Anterior, Medial, Posterior, Superior)

157 / 425