FACTS & HINTS

Ligament

Attachments

Function

Iliofemoral

ASIS and acetabulum → intertrochanteric line. (Strong; Y-shaped

Prevents hyperextension

ligament)

Ischiofemoral

Acetabular rim → circles superiorlyand laterallyto medial base of

Prevents hyperextension

greater trochanter

Screws femoral head into acetabulum

Pubofemoral

Pubic ramus → laterallyand inferiorlyto joint capsule

Tightens during extension and

abduction

Limits abduction

Transverse

Joins the inferior ends of the labrum, crosses acetabular notch

Completes the acetabular ring

acetabular

Ligament of head of

Acetabular notch → fovea of femur

Contains arteryto head of femur (minute

femur

(Intracapsular but extrasynovial)

in adults)

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Blood Supply

Action

Gluteus

Ilium posterior to posterior

Most fibers end in Iliotibial tract that

Inferior

Superior and inferior

Extends

maximus

gluteal line dorsal surface of

inserts into lateral condyle of tibia;

gluteal

gluteal arteries, first

thigh,

sacrum and coccyx,

some fibers insert gluteal

nerve (L5 -

perforating branch of

assists

sacrotuberous ligament

tuberosityof femur

S2)

deep femoral artery

lateral

rotation

Gluteus

Lateral surface of ilium

Lateral surface of greater

Superior

Deep branch of superior

Abducts

medius

between anterior and posterior

trochanter of femur

gluteal

gluteal artery

thigh,

gluteal lines

nerve (L4 -

rotates thigh

S1)

medially

Gluteus

Lateral surface of ilium

Anterior border of greater trochanter

Superior

Deep branch of superior

Abducts

minimus

between anterior and inferior

of femur

gluteal

gluteal artery

thigh,

gluteal lines

nerve (L4 -

rotates thigh

S1)

medially

Piriformis

Anterior surface of sacrum and

Superior border of greater

Ventral

Superior and inferior

Laterally

sacrotuberous ligament

trochanter of femur

rami of S1

gluteal arteries, internal

rotates

and S2

pudendal artery

thigh,

abducts

flexed thigh

Obturator

Pelvic surface of obturator

Medial surface of greater trochanter

Nerve to

Internal pudendal and

Laterally

internus

membrane and margins of

of femur

obturator

superior gluteal arteries

rotates

obturator foramen

internus

thigh,

(L5-S2)

abducts

flexed thigh

Gemellus

Outer surface of ischial spine

Medial surface of greater trochanter

Nerve to

Inferior gluteal artery

Laterally

superior

of femur

obturator

rotates thigh

internus

(L5-S2)

Gemellus

Upper margin of ischial

Medial surface of greater trochanter

Nerve to

Inferior gluteal artery

Laterally

inferior

tuberosity

of femur

quadratus

rotates thigh

femoris

(L4-S1)

Quadratus

Lateral margin of ischial

Quadrate tubercle on

Nerve to

Medial circumflex

Laterally

femoris

tuberosity

intertrochanteric crest of femur

quadratus

femoral artery

rotates thigh

femoris

(L4-S1)

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Blood Supply

Action

Iliopsoas/psoas

Sides of vertebra T12 to

Lesser trochanter of

Ventral rami of

Lumbar branches

Flexes thigh at hip and

major

L5 and transverse

femur

lumbar spinal

of iliolumbar artery

stabilizes the hip

processes of L1-L5

nerves 1-3

Iliacus

Iliac crest, iliac fossa,

Tendon of psoas major

Femoral nerve

Iliac branches of

Flexes thigh at hip and

ala of scrum, and

and bodyof femur,

(L2-L3)

iliolumbar artery

stabilizes the hip

anterior sacroiliac

inferior to lesser

ligaments

trochanter

Tensor fasciae

Anterior superior iliac

Iliotibial tract → lateral

Superior gluteal

Superior gluteal

Abducts, medially

latae

spine and anterior part

condyle of tibia

nerve (L4-L5)

arteries, lateral

rotates and flexes the

of external lip of iliac

circumflexfemoral

thigh, stabilizes trunk

crest

artery

on thigh

Sartorius

ASIS and superior part

Superior part of medial

Femoral nerve

Femoral artery

Abducts, laterally

of notch below it

surface of tibia

(L2-L3)

rotates and flexes the

thigh

Quadratus

Lateral margin of ischial

Quadrate tubercle on

Nerve to

Medial circumflex

Laterallyrotates thigh

femoris

tuberosity

intertrochanteric crest

quadratus femoris

femoral artery

of femur

(L4 to S1)

Rectus femoris

Anterior inferior iliac

Base of patella and to

Femoral nerve

Lateral circumflex

Extends the leg at the

spine and groove

tibial tuberosityvia

(L2-L4)

femoral artery,

knee joint and flexes

superior to acetabulum

patellar ligament

deep femoral

the thigh at the hip joint

artery

Vastus lateralis

Greater trochanter and

Base of patella and to

Femoral nerve

Lateral circumflex

Extends the leg at the

lateral lip of linea

tibial tuberosityvia

(L2-L4)

femoral artery,

knee joint

aspera of femur

patellar ligament

deep femoral

artery

Vastus medialis

Intertrochanteric line

Base of patella and to

Femoral nerve

Femoral artery,

Extends the leg at the

and medial lip of linea

tibial tuberosityvia

(L2-L4)

deep femoral

knee joint

aspera of femur

patellar ligament

artery

Vastus

Anterior and lateral

Base of patella and to

Femoral nerve

Lateral circumflex

Extends the leg at the

intermedius

surfaces of bodyof

tibial tuberosityvia

(L2-L4)

femoral artery,

knee joint

femur

patellar ligament

deep femoral

artery

Pectineus

Pecten pubis

Pectineal line of femur

Femoral nerve

Medial circumflex

Adducts and flexes

(L2-L3) and

femoral artery,

thigh

sometimes

obturator artery

obturator nerve

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Blood Supply

Action

Adductor

Bodyof pubis, inferior

Middle third of linea

Obturator nerve

Medial circumflex

Adducts thigh

longus

to pubic crest

aspera of femur

(anterior division)

femoral artery,

(L2-L4)

obturator artery

Adductor

Bodyand inferior pubic

Pectineal line and

Obturator nerve

Medial circumflex

Adducts and flexes thigh

brevis

ramus

proximal part of linea

(L2-L4)

femoral artery,

aspera of femur

obturator artery

Adductor

Inferior pubis ramus,

Gluteal tuberosity, linea

Adductor part:

Deep femoral artery,

Adducts and flexes thigh

magnus

ramus of ischium

aspera, supracondylar

obturator nerve

popliteal artery,

(adductor part)

Hamstring part: ischial

line

(L2-L4)

obturator

Extends thigh (hamstring

tuberosity

Hamstring part:

Hamstring part:

part)

adductor tubercle

tibial nerve (L4)

Gracilis

Bodyof pubis and

Superior part of medial

Obturator nerve

Deep femoral artery,

Adducts thigh, flexes and

inferior pubic ramus

surface of tibia

(L2-L3)

medial circumflex

mediallyrotates the leg

femoral artery

Obturator

Margins of obturator

Trochanteric fossa of

Obturator nerve

Medial circumflex

Laterallyrotates the thigh and

externus

foramen and obturator

femur

(L2-L3)

femoral artery,

stabilizes head of femur in

membrane

obturator artery

acetabulum

Posterior (= flexor) compartment

Hamstrings

Biceps femoris-also lateral rotates knee

Semitendinosus-also medial rotates knee

Semimembranosus-also medial rotates knee

Together extend hip (except short head of biceps femoris) and flexknee

Hamstring part of adductor magnus-extends hip

Posterior Thigh Muscles

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Blood Supply

Action

Semitendinosus

Upper and medial

Superior part

Tibial division of

Perforating branch of deep

Flexes leg,

ischial tuberosity

of medial

sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

arteryof thigh, superior

extends thigh

surface of

muscular branches of

tibia

popliteal artery

Semimembranosus

Upper and lateral ischial

Posterior

Tibial division of

Perforating branch of deep

Flexes leg,

tuberosity

part of

sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

arteryof thigh, superior

extends thigh

medial

muscular branches of

condyle of

popliteal artery

tibia

Biceps femoris

Long head-ischial

Lateral side

Long head-tibial

Perforating branch of deep

Flexes and

tuberosity

of head of

division of sciatic

arteryof thigh, superior

laterallyrotates

fibula

nerve (L5-S2)

muscular branches of

leg, extends