- •Т.В. Барамикова, л.П. Ільєнко, к.Б. Кугай, а.В. Спіжова, н.В. Зимнікова, а.М. Ткаленко
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1 history of arts Part I
- •I Listen and remember the following words:
- •III Read and translate the following text: History of arts
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •Renaissance
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •The history of arts. Brief overview
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: World War I and after the War
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Charles Frederick Worth industrializes fashion
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •Design elements
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •Design principles
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Paco Rabanne
- •Pierre Cardin
- •Karl Lagerfeld
- •Emanuel Ungaro
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text.
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Dance costume
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Scenic makeup
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V Questions for discussion:
- •VI Render the text in brief in a written form.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •III Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Find the English equivalents to the words:
- •VII Make up sentences with the terms:
- •VIII Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:
- •IX Translate the sentences into English:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •I Read and learn:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Flower symbolism
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V Questions for discussion:
- •VI Render the text in brief in a written form.
- •I Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II Listen to the text and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Find the English equivalents to the words:
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •Principles and elements of design
- •Graphic design theory
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Raymond Loewy. The father of industrial design
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Find the English equivalents to the words:
- •VII Make up sentences with the terms:
- •VIII Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:
- •IX Translate the sentences into English:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •I Read and learn:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: The importance of colour
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V Questions for discussion:
- •VI Render the text in brief in a written form.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Find the English equivalents to the words:
- •VII Make up sentences with the terms:
- •VIII Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:
- •IX Translate the sentences into English:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it:
- •Video design
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Find the English equivalents to the words:
- •VII Make up sentences with the terms:
- •VIII Give definitions to the words:
- •IX Translate into English:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: The history of logo design
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V Questions for discussion:
- •VI Render the text in brief in a written form
- •Prehistoric costume
- •Textiles
- •Costume textiles
- •Some natural fibres facts
- •Textile yarns and fibres
- •The knitwear design process and the use of sources of inspiration
- •Coloured stitch designs in weft knitting
- •The great masters of fashion
- •Textiles and materials in the fashion industry
- •The history of fashion between 1970-1983
- •The designers
- •Fashion fifty years ago. Conclusion
- •Interior design. Style selection
- •Goals, functions and the human factor of interior design
- •Light in colour
- •Colour in your home
- •Accessories
- •Selecting accessories
- •Textiles
- •Textile uses in interior design
- •Selecting textiles for interiors
- •Harmony
- •Package design and display
- •Advertisements
- •Graphic designer
- •Commercial photography
- •Colour photography
- •What is a good photograph?
- •Colour harmony
- •Corporate logo design
- •Your hair
- •Hair colour
- •Hair style
- •The art of arranging the hair
- •Modern hairdressing procedure
- •History of styles
- •The development of styles in europe from the
- •9Th till 20th centuries
- •Cosmetics
- •Glossary a
Coloured stitch designs in weft knitting
Colour is one of the five ingredients of fashion, the other four are style, silhouette, texture and pattern. Ornamentation for design purposes may be introduced at the fibre, yarn, or dyeing and finishing stage and knitting stage. Apart from different colours, it may take the form of sculptured or surface interest. In fibre form it may include a variation of fibre diameter, length, cross-section, dye uptake, shrinkage, or elastic properties. In yarn form it can include fancy twist and novelty yarns, as well as the combined use of yarns produced by different spinning or texturing processes.
The dyeing process may occur at any point in manufacturing from fibre to finished article. The finishing process may also utilise heat or chemically-derived shaping. Finally, printing can introduce colour designs onto plain colour surfaces, whilst embroidery stitching may provide relief designs in one or more colours.
The finishing process can completely transform the appearance of a relatively uninteresting structure, either as an overall effect or on a selected parts. The knitting of stitch designs always involves a loss of productivity compared with the knitting of plain, non-patterned structures. Machine speeds are lower, less feeds can generally be accommodated, efficiency is less, design changes are time-consuming and dependent upon technique and machine type, and, in many cases, more than one feeder course is required to knit each pattern row.
At the knitting stage four techniques may be employed to produce designs in coloured stitches. These are horizontal striping, plating, and individual jacquard stitch selection.
Horizontal striping provides the facility to select one from several coloured yarns at a machine feed position. Even without striping selection facilities, by careful arrangement of the packages of coloured yarns on a large diameter, multi-feeder machine, an elaborate sequence of stripes repeated at each machine revolution, is obtained.
Intarsia is a special method of producing designs in knitted loops that form self-contained areas of pure colours. Unequalled colour definition is achieved, with a large number of colours and no adverse effect on the physical properties of the structure such as reduction of extensibility.
Plating is widely used for single jersey, plush, float and interlock fleecy. However, with the exception of embroidery motif plating, the use of coloured yarns to produce plated designs has diminished in weft knitting. Plating requires great precision and offers limited colour choice compared with the improved facilities offered by jacquard knit and miss needle selection of coloured stitches.
In reverse plating, two yarns (usually of contrasting colour) change their positions at the needle head by controlled movement of specially-shaped sinkers or yarn feed guides.
In sectional plating (straight bar frames), the ground yarn knits continuously across the full width whilst the plating carrier tubes, set lower into the needles, supply yarn in a reciprocating movement to a particular group of needles, so that the colour shows on the face.
Individual stitch selection is the most versatile and widely-employed method of knitting designs in colour, or different types of stitches in self-colour. It is based on the relative positioning of an element during a knitting cycle determining which stitch, from a choice of two or more, is produced in its corresponding wale at a particular feeder course of a machine revolution or traverse.