- •Т.В. Барамикова, л.П. Ільєнко, к.Б. Кугай, а.В. Спіжова, н.В. Зимнікова, а.М. Ткаленко
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1 history of arts Part I
- •I Listen and remember the following words:
- •III Read and translate the following text: History of arts
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •Renaissance
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •The history of arts. Brief overview
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: World War I and after the War
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Charles Frederick Worth industrializes fashion
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •Design elements
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •Design principles
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Paco Rabanne
- •Pierre Cardin
- •Karl Lagerfeld
- •Emanuel Ungaro
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text.
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Dance costume
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Scenic makeup
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V Questions for discussion:
- •VI Render the text in brief in a written form.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •III Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Find the English equivalents to the words:
- •VII Make up sentences with the terms:
- •VIII Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:
- •IX Translate the sentences into English:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •I Read and learn:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Flower symbolism
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V Questions for discussion:
- •VI Render the text in brief in a written form.
- •I Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II Listen to the text and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Find the English equivalents to the words:
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •Principles and elements of design
- •Graphic design theory
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: Raymond Loewy. The father of industrial design
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Find the English equivalents to the words:
- •VII Make up sentences with the terms:
- •VIII Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:
- •IX Translate the sentences into English:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •I Read and learn:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: The importance of colour
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V Questions for discussion:
- •VI Render the text in brief in a written form.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Find the English equivalents to the words:
- •VII Make up sentences with the terms:
- •VIII Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:
- •IX Translate the sentences into English:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it:
- •Video design
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Answer the questions:
- •V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •VI Find the English equivalents to the words:
- •VII Make up sentences with the terms:
- •VIII Give definitions to the words:
- •IX Translate into English:
- •X Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I Read and remember:
- •II Read the text and define the main idea of it: The history of logo design
- •III Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V Questions for discussion:
- •VI Render the text in brief in a written form
- •Prehistoric costume
- •Textiles
- •Costume textiles
- •Some natural fibres facts
- •Textile yarns and fibres
- •The knitwear design process and the use of sources of inspiration
- •Coloured stitch designs in weft knitting
- •The great masters of fashion
- •Textiles and materials in the fashion industry
- •The history of fashion between 1970-1983
- •The designers
- •Fashion fifty years ago. Conclusion
- •Interior design. Style selection
- •Goals, functions and the human factor of interior design
- •Light in colour
- •Colour in your home
- •Accessories
- •Selecting accessories
- •Textiles
- •Textile uses in interior design
- •Selecting textiles for interiors
- •Harmony
- •Package design and display
- •Advertisements
- •Graphic designer
- •Commercial photography
- •Colour photography
- •What is a good photograph?
- •Colour harmony
- •Corporate logo design
- •Your hair
- •Hair colour
- •Hair style
- •The art of arranging the hair
- •Modern hairdressing procedure
- •History of styles
- •The development of styles in europe from the
- •9Th till 20th centuries
- •Cosmetics
- •Glossary a
Textile yarns and fibres
Yarns are the raw materials manipulated during knitting. A yarn is defined as ‘an assembly, of substantial length and relatively small cross-section, of fibres or filaments, with or without twist’. The term ‘thread’ is used for yarn and does not imply that it is as smooth, highly twisted and compact as a sewing thread. Yarn is a strand composed of fibres, filaments (individual fibres of extreme length), or other materials, either natural or man-made, suitable for use in the construction of interlaced fabrics, such as woven or knitted types. The strand may consists of a number of fibres twisted together; a number of filaments grouped together but not twisted; a number of filaments twisted together; a single filament, called a monofilament, either with or without twist; or one or more strips made by dividing a sheet of material, such as paper or metal foil, and either twisted or untwisted. The properties of the yarn employed greatly influence the appearance, texture, and performance of the completed fabric. Textile fibres are the raw materials of the yarns into which they are spun. There are two configurations of fibres: staple fibres and filament fibres.
Staple fibres are of comparatively short length – for example, cotton and wool fibres, which require spinning and twisting together in order to produce a satisfactory length of yarn of suitable strength.
A filament is a fibre of indefinite length – for example silk, which requires combining with other filaments, usually with some twist, in order to produce a yarn of sufficient bulk.
The first fibres available for textile use were obtained from plant and animal sources. Over a long period of experimentation with many natural fibers available, cotton, wool, jute, flax, and silk have become recognized as the most satisfactory. The commercial development of man-made fibres began late in the 19th century, experienced much growth during the 1940s, expanded rapidly after World War II, and in the 1970s was still the subject of extensive research and development. This group includes regenerated fibres, such as rayon, made from fibre-forming materials already existing in nature and manipulated into fibrous form, and synthetic fibres, with the fibre-forming substance produced from chemicals derived from such sources as coal and oil, and then made into such fibres as nylon and polyester.
Knitting requires a relatively fine, smooth, strong yarn with good elastic recovery properties. The worsted system has proved particularly suitable for spinning yarns used for knitwear, outerwear and socks, and the combed cotton system for underwear, sportswear and socks.
The introduction of synthetic fibres, which can be heat set in a permanent configuration, has led to the development of texturing processes that directly convert these filaments into bulked yarns.
The development of synthetic fibres and their texturing processes has proved particularly beneficial to the knitting industry. The most recent development is the widespread use of the elastane fibre- lycra to support the elastic properties of knitted garments. The period from the mid-1960s to 1973 is often regarded by knitters as a ‘golden age’ because fashionable demand for textiles composed of synthetic fibres reached a peak during that period.