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Principles and elements of design

Design elements are the basic tools in every design discipline. The elements including shape, form, texture, line, value and colour compose the basic vocabulary of visual design. Design principles such as balance, rhythm, emphasis and unity constitute the broader structural aspects of the composition.

Graphic design theory

According to the classic theory of design or graphic design the visual excitement of a design work is a result of how the composition of the design elements creates mood, style, message and a look.

There are research and planning that are needed for most design work:

  • the design process which encompasses the step-by-step and often complex path that a designer takes toward a design solution through research, exploration, re-evaluation and revision of a design problem. This process starts with the client and ends with the finished design product.

  • use of a grid to help improve or speed up the layout of images and text. Like the steel internal frame of building the grid helps the designer to place information on paper or screen in a way that improves the design visually and its usability.

  • impact and use of technology for design solutions. Graphic designers are usually first to adopt and incorporate new technology in solutions or concepts when possible. This experimentation is not always to the benefit of the design or the user.

IV Answer the questions:

1. How does graphic design present information?

2. What crafts does graphic design embrace?

3. What does graphic design refer to?

4. What do you know about the history of graphic design?

5. What is the essence of graphic design?

6. There are some elements of design. What are they?

7. Do you know the principles of design? Name them.

8. What are the steps of a graphic designer’s work?

V Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1. Their designs have much in common, there is … between them.

2. … is the sale of goods and services.

3. A graphic designer should keep up to the times and use … .

4. … as form, texture, line, value, shape and colour compose the basic vocabulary of … .

VI Find the English equivalents to the words:

застосовувати, потребувати, охоплювати, поступовий, блискучий, експонат, виразність, складати, вивчення, покращувати

VII Make up sentences with the terms:

image development, mass production, page layout, advertising art, visual design, design solutions, fine art

VIII Give definitions to the words:

multimedia, imaging, advertising, layout, visual, typography, grid

IX Translate the sentences into English:

1. Графічний дизайнер повинен володіти багатьма навичками, серед яких – оформлення сторінки.

2. Термін “графічний дизайнер” з’явився у 20 столітті.

3. Такі елементи як колір, форма, зовнішній вигляд, величина, лінія (контур), текстура мають велике значення для графічного дизайну.

4. Ми часто плутаємо поняття реклами, графічного дизайну та образотворчого мистецтва тому, що іноді між ними майже нема різниці.

5. Процес дизайну починається з замовника, а закінчується завершеною продукцією.

6. Більша частина роботи дизайнера потребує дослідницької роботи та планування.

7. Кожен професіонал знає такі принципи дизайну як ритм, баланс, виразність та єдність.

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