Text b. Easter

Read and translate the text with the help of dictionary.

Easter is the most important festival in the Christian calendar and it holds the key to understanding Christianity. Easter has a very important religious meaning for Christians. The events that happened to Jesus Christ and his followers in the days before and during Easter 2000 years ago remain in the centre of Christian belief. Every religious holiday in Ukraine is marked by the ringing of church bells. But on Velykden the bells sound particularly majestically. They announce to the whole world glad news: Christ is risen! Why is it so important? Resurrection of Christ proclaims immortality of soul. Christ rises from the dead. Resurrection gives us hope. Resurrection is a victory over death.

The date of Easter changes each year. It falls on the first Sunday following the first full moon after March 21. The preparations for Easter begin 40 days before it, on Shrove Tuesday. This marks the beginning of a period of fasting, called Lent.

The main Easter celebrations take place during “Holy week”, which begins on Palm Sunday (the Sunday before Easter). Maundy Thursday (the Thursday before Easter) is traditionally the day when Christians do good acts. Good Friday is the most solemn day of Easter because this is the day when Christians remember Christ’s crucifixion. On Easter Saturday churches are closed to symbolise Christ lying in the tomb. But Sunday – the day of Christ’s Resurrection – is a joyful occasion and many Christians prepare for it with an overnight church service, or “vigils”.

Talking points

1.Read, learn and act out.

Dialogue A.

-Hi! Lucy? It’s Robert. Yeah. How are you? Feeling better?

-Thank you, Robert. I am well.

-What about our going to watch a salute in the evening?

-Sure. Last year on May 9^th we watched it. It was unforgettable. Let’s meet at 9 at the stadium.

-Fine. I’ll be there in time.

Dialogue B.

-What a nice dress you are wearing!

-It’s my dad’s present on March, 8^th. He has brought it from Poland.

-Do the Polish celebrate the Women’s Day?

-I think they do. But it doesn’t matter. The fact is that the Ukrainians celebrate this holiday. And every year my father buys me presents. So I love this holiday dearly.

2.Work in pairs. Speak with your friend about the way you celebrated last New Year’s Day (Christmas etc.)

UNIT 16

Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood in adverbial clauses of purpose, time, place. Topic: At the Map of Great Britain. Reading: Text A. The State System of Great Britain Text B. Agriculture of Great Britain Talking Points

Grammar the subjunctive mood in complex sentences.

1.Adverbial clauses of purpose.

When a clause of purpose is introduced by the conjunctions that, so that, in order that we find the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary can/may if the principal clause refers to the present or future; could/might if the main clause refers to the past. Occasionally the mood auxiliary should is used.

e.g. She opens( will open) the window Вона відчиняє (відчинить)

that she may get a breath of вікно, щоб вдихнути свіжого

fresh air . повітря.

She opened the window that she Вона відчинила вікно, щоб

might get a breath of fresh air. вдихнути свіжого повітря.

If a clause of purpose is introduced by the conjunction lest we use the Present Suppositional or Subjunctive I in it. ‘Lest’ has a negative meaning (щоб не) and the verb in the subordinate clause is used in the affirmative form.

e.g. She closed the window lest she Вона закрила вікно, (should) catch a cold. щоб не застудитися.