- •Міністерство аграрної політики україни
- •Англійська мова
- •Grammar
- •Indefinite tenses (active voice)
- •I. The Use of Indefinite Tenses.
- •Exercises
- •Travelling
- •Reading
- •Text b. Adventure Holidays
- •Profile
- •Talking points
- •Grammar continuous tenses
- •I. The Use of Continuous Tenses.
- •II. The Formation of Continuous Tenses.
- •Exercises
- •Travelling by train
- •Going by Train in Britain.
- •Reading Text. Mistaken Identity.
- •Talking points
- •At the Enquiry Office
- •Speaking to another passenger
- •Grammar perfect tenses (active voice)
- •I. The Use of Perfect Tenses.
- •II. The Formation of Perfect Tenses.
- •Exercises:
- •Travelling by air
- •Reading Text a. A Tragedy in the Air.
- •Text b.
- •Talking points
- •The Plane Is Taking off
- •On the Plane
- •The First Steps on Land
- •At the Customs
- •At a Taxi- Stand
- •Grammar perfect continuous tenses (active voice)
- •I. The Use of Perfect Continuous Tenses.
- •II. The Formation of Perfect Continuous Tenses.
- •Exercises
- •Travelling by car
- •Reading Text a. Cars Driving Us Crazy?
- •Text b. Driving Tests.
- •Talking points
- •Grammar continuous, perfect, perfect continuous tenses
- •Travelling by sea
- •Liner cruise harbour deck cabin drop anchor at the pier
- •Reading Text. A Sea Story
- •Talking points
- •At the Booking Office
- •In the Cabin
- •Grammar modal verbs
- •Exercises
- •Going through the customs
- •Customs declaration
- •Reading. Text. A Custom House Incident.
- •Talking points
- •At a Passport and Customs Desk
- •Going Through the Customs
- •Grammar passive voice
- •1.The use of the Passive Voice
- •2.The formation of the Passive Voice.
- •Exercises
- •Why weren’t we warned?
- •At the hotel
- •Reading Text a. A Letter
- •Talking points
- •Grammar passive voice
- •Indefinite Tenses
- •Passive Voice
- •Exercises
- •Post office
- •Reading Text a. Lost in the Post
- •Text b. Post Cards
- •Talking points
- •Grammar
- •1.Passive Voice with Verbs which have Two Objects
- •2.Passive Voice with Verbs which Have a Prepositional Object
- •1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
- •At the doctor’s
- •Less Coffee, Fewer Heart Attacks
- •Reading Text. At the dentist’s
- •Talking points
- •Grammar passive voice Continuous Tenses
- •Exercises
- •Topic Topical Vocabulary
- •Reading Text. The Founder of the Microsoft
- •Talking points
- •Grammar passive voice Perfect Tenses
- •Exercises
- •Topic Topical Vocabulary
- •Remember the pronunciation of the following proper names:
- •Ukraine
- •Reading Text a. Government of Ukraine
- •National Government
- •Local Governments
- •Text b. Agriculture of Ukraine
- •Talking points
- •Grammar passive voice (revision)
- •Reading Text. Where To Go And What To See In Kyiv.
- •Talking points
- •Grammar
- •1.The Obligue Moods. The Synthetical and Analytical Forms
- •2.The Use of Subjunctive Mood in Simple Sentences
- •Exercises
- •Reading Text. Successful Farming Depends on the Soil.
- •Talking points.
- •Grammar Conditional Sentences
- •Mixed conditionals
- •If you had eaten proper food you would be healthy and happy now. Exercises
- •My native town.
- •Reading Text a. Kalynivka.
- •Text b. The Brave Village.
- •Talking points
- •Grammar Subjunctive II in Object Clauses Wish-sentences
- •Exercises
- •Topic Topical Vocabulary
- •Holidays in ukraine
- •Reading Text a. Customs and Traditions in Ukraine
- •Text b. Easter
- •Talking points
- •Grammar the subjunctive mood in complex sentences.
- •1.Adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •2.Adverbial clauses of time and place
- •Exercises
- •At the map of great britain
- •Reading Text a. The State System of Great Britain
- •Text b. Agriculture of Britain.
- •Talking points
- •Elections in Great Britain.
- •Grammar the subjunctive mood in complex sentences (continued)
- •3.Adverbial clauses of comparison and predicative clauses
- •4.Object clauses.
- •Exercises
- •1.Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Reading Text a. A Day in London.
- •Text b. Things to See in London.
- •Talking points
- •Grammar the subjunctive mood in complex sentences
- •5. Subject clauses
- •6.Attributive clauses
- •Exercises
- •Topic Topical Vocabulary
- •Holidays in great britain
- •Holidays
- •Reading Text a. Easter Sunday
- •Jesus Teaches
- •Text b. The Way of Life of the English
- •The English Home
- •Fireplaces
- •Text c. Shut the Door
- •Talking points
- •View of Britain
- •Grammar The Conditional Mood
- •Exercises
- •To date датувати(ся)
- •Higher education in great britain.
- •Reading Text a. Learning to Combine the World of Work and Study.
- •Text b. Au-Pair in Britain.
- •Talking points
- •Grammar Direct and Reported (Indirect) Speech. Reported Statements. Sequence of Tenses.
- •Exercises
- •Topic Topical Vocabulary
- •The commonwealth
- •Reading Text a. What Is International Trade?
- •Text b. Relations Between Ukraine and English-Speaking Countries.
- •Talking points
- •Grammar
- •1.Reported Questions.
- •2.Reported Commands, Requests, Suggestions.
- •Exercises
- •Suggested, insisted, shouted, agreed, whispered, claimed, muttered, boasted, objected, exclaimed, admitted, protested
- •Topic Topical Vocabulary
- •My future profession
- •Reading Text. Living by the Sword.
- •Talking points
- •What Does She Do?
- •Grammar revision
- •Agricultural enterprises of ukraine
- •Reading Text a. The Agrarian Policy in Ukraine.
- •Text b. Ownership and Management in the British Agriculture
- •Talking points
- •Тексти для читання за фахом
- •Text 2 Mammals
- •1.Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Text 3 Variety of Mammals
- •1.Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •To trace простежити
- •Text 11. Horse
- •1.Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •To hunt полювати
- •Список використаної літератури
- •Contents
- •40030, Суми, вул. Петропавлівська, 98б, тел. (0542) 213-658.
- •40030, Суми, вул. Петропавлівська, 98б.
Grammar perfect continuous tenses (active voice)
I. The Use of Perfect Continuous Tenses.
The Present Perfect Continuous is used to express an action which began in the past, has been going on up to the present and is either still continuing or just finished.
e.g. His father has been working Його батько працює на
at this plant for twenty years. цьому заводі двадцять років.
She has been teaching physics Вона викладає фізику в
at our school since 1990. нашій школі з 1990 року.
How long (since when) have you been Скільки часу (з якого learning English? часу) ви вивчаєте
англійську мову?
! If the verb has no continuous form, the Present Perfect is used instead of the Present Perfect Continuous.
e.g. How long have you known her? Скільки часу ви знаєте її?
You haven’t seen me for years. Ви не бачили мене багато років.
The Past Perfect Continuous is used to express an action which began before a definite moment in the past, continued up to it and was or was not going on at that past moment.
e.g. When I came to work at the Institute she had been teaching there for 10 years already.
I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day long. |
Коли я прийшла працювати до інституту, вона викладала там вже 10 років
Я був дуже втомлений, коли приїхав додому Я працював увесь день.. |
! If the verb has no continuous form, the Past Perfect is used instead of the Past Perfect Continuous.
The Future Perfect Continuous is used to express an action which will begin before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will be going on at that moment.
e.g. We shall have been working at this problem for a month when you visit us a second time. |
Ми вже місяць працюватимемо над цією проблемою, коли ви приїдете до нас вдруге. |
II. The Formation of Perfect Continuous Tenses.
The Perfect Continuous Tenses are formed by means of the auxiliary verb to have in the Present, Past or Future Perfect Tense and Participle I of the main verb.
Present Perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect Continuous |
Future Perfect Continuous |
since 1980, for ten years, for a long time, for years, all day, all my life … |
for some time, for an hour, since 3 o’clock, when he came … |
for 5 years, by this time, by the end of the year … |
+ |
||
S have / has been Ving |
S had been Ving |
S shall /will have been Ving |
Nick has been writing his exercises for two hours already. |
The class had been discussing the article for some time when Henry came in. |
I will have been living in Rome for three years next May. |
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|
||
S haven’t/hasn’t been Ving |
S hadn’t been Ving |
S shan’t / won’t have been Ving |
Jane hasn’t been working very well recently. |
They hadn’t been waiting even 15 minutes when he came. |
I shall not have been working at this problem even for half a month by your next visit. |
?
|
||
Have/Has S been Ving? |
Had S been Ving…? |
Shall/Will S have been Ving …? |
Have you been writing this book all these years? |
For how long had the children been playing on the computer when father arrived? |
For how long will you have been working on this project when the director arrives again? |