Part III

• Give the proper English equivalents

1. принять христианство

2. мусульмане

3. римский папа

4. крестовый поход

5. торговый путь

6. Восток, страны Востока

7. строительные технологии

8. новый метод возведения сводов

9. просто украшенный

10. патронесса, покровительница

11. маячить, неясно вырисовываться

12. земное существование

13. акрополь

14. вечное прощение

15. горожанин

16. символический

• Compile a list of words and word combinations pertaining to the Gothic and Romanesque church styles. Speak about the two church styles

• Questions to answer

1. When did the famous crusades begin? Who launched them?

2. What were the economic and spiritual consequences of the crusades?

3. When did “an amazing burst of religious architectural energy” take place?

4. What new building techniques were assimilated during the Middle Ages?

5. Why were Gothic churches often named Notre Dame?

6. What was the spiritual and physical center of the medieval town?

• Fill in the gaps. Use the above given words and word combinations. Translate the utterances into good Russian. Reproduce them by heart. Try to imitate the speaker’s pronunciation and intonation

1. By the ________ century the character of medieval life had begun to change.

2. The pagan barbarians who settled all over Europe had __________________.

3. Western Europe had a common enemy - ______________________who had taken over the Holy Land.

4. The popes launched the famous ____________ begun at the end of _______________.

5. Early medieval towns had often begun as a group of houses clustered for protection near a castle or a monastery. The church _____________above the townspeople.

6. It cast its influence throughout their lives. Around it clustered the ______________________houses, overcrowded and unsanitary. At the well or fountain in the square before the church the townspeople gathered daily.

7. Medieval man imagined his church to be _________________body of Christ, into which men entered to become one with God.

8. Like the soaring piers, which sweep together at great height into the vaulted ceiling, Christian man in the Middle Ages stood firmly rooted in the hardships of his ___________________.

9. But within the rich and mysterious light of his cathedrals, he aspired upward to ________________________ and salvation.

Tasks to the Pictures

Look at Picture 4.

“Gothic churches were often named Notre Dame - our lady.” They stood “at the economic, intellectual and spiritual, as well as the physical,” centres of the towns and were called Notre Dame de Paris, Notre Dame de Amiens, Notre Dame de Chartres. This building is called Notre Dame de

1. Paris

2. Amiens

3. Versailles

4. Chartres

Step 2: Spelling and Vocabulary

Exercise 1: Developing spelling skills.

1. Fill in the blanks with a silent consonant or vowel. Remember the spelling.

- night, cas - le, colum -, chap – l, dom -, crud -, desi – n, styl -, apos – le, s – ene.

2. Choose –c- or –s- to fill in the blank.

Mona – tery, monasti – ism, my – tery, - alvation, cru – ade, trea – ure, cloi – ter, - ivilization, - ymbol, an – ient, - keleton, - elect, - ity, te – nique, - tyle, - entury, - ause, influen – e, ne – e - - ary, dimen – ion, increa – e, advan – e, - en – e, te – tament, re – emblan – e, relea – e, litera – y, tra – e.

3. Choose –ch-, -sh-,- th-,- ph- to fill in the blanks.

- - reaten, - - ristianity, - - ur - -, hard - - ip, ca - - edral, - - anting, my - - ical, ar - - itecture, wor - - ip, wor - -, fa - - ion, - - ysical, ca - - olic, rea - - , - - aracteristic, you - - ful, so - - isticated, - - iloso - - y, anar - - y, me - - od, calligra - - y.

4. Which doubled letter is missing in the following words?

Cla - - ical, ma - - ive, progre - -, a - - imilate, commi - - ion, nece - - ary, endle - -, buttre - - .

Exercise 2: Vocabulary. Choose the adjective from column B to describe two church styles.

Romanesque Gothic

Simple and … Flat and … Complex and … Feminine and …

Lazy Solid Masculine Infinite Simply adorned Richly embroidered Three-dimensional

Exercise 3: When we compare or contrast the ideas we use like or unlike. Choose the proper preposition to fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

1) ______ the Ancient Greeks, medieval man did not seem to be proud of his body.

2) _______ the soaring piers which sweep together at great height into the vaulted ceiling, Christian man in the Middle Ages stood firmly rooted in the hardship of his earthly existence.

3) They are quite ________ the Early Christian attempt to follow a classical naturalistic style.

Exercise 4: Revise the vocabulary dealing with the Middle Ages and write a vocabulary dictation.

Exercise 5:

1. Pronounce the words below. Match a word with a picture (not all the pictures have their names!).

Plate 2

The Early Christian Art basilica __ nave __ aisle __ campanile __ atrium __ colonnade __ fountain__ altar __ triumphal arch __

The Byzantine Art main dome __ semidome __ pendentive __ eye, a lighting aperture __

Plate 3

The Romanesque Art Romanesque church __ nave __ aisle __ central tower __ pyramidal tower roof __ frieze of round arcading __ lesene, a pilaster strip__ circular window __ side entrance __ system of vaulting __ cushion capital __

The Gothic Art Gothic cathedral __ rose window __ church door (portal) __ buttress __ flying buttress __ pinnacle __ cross (groin) vault __ ribs (cross ribs) __ clustered (compound) pier __

Plate 4

Knight's castle __ inner ward (inner bailey) __ draw well __ dungeon __ tower platform __ watchman __ ladies' apartments (bowers) __ balcony __ storehouse (magazine) __ curtain wall (curtains, enclosure wall) __ bastion __ angle tower __ inner wall __ battlemented parapet __ drawbridge __ chapel __ great hall __ outer ward (outer bailey) __ castle gate __ moat (ditch) __ approach __ watchtower (turret) __ palisade (pallisade, palisading) __

Knight's armour __ suit of armour __ helmet __ skull __ visor (vizor) __ beaver __ throat piece __ epauliere __ breastplate (cuirass) __ knee cap (knee piece, genouillere, poleyn) __ buckler (round shield) __ iron hat __ morion __ light casque __

Accolade (dubbing, knighting) __ liege lord, a knight __ esquire __ cup bearer __ minstrel (minnesinger, troubadour) __

Tournament (tourney, joust, just, tilt) __ crusader __ Knight Templar __ caparison (trappings) __ herald (marshal at tournament) __ tilting armour __ tilting helmet (jousting helmet) __ panache (plume of feathers) __ tilting target (tilting shield) __ lance rest __ tilting lance (lance) __ horse armour __

Plate 6

Historical Costumes

1. Byzantine empress ___

2. pearl diadem ___

3. jewels ___

4. purple cloak ___

5. long tunic ___

6. German princess [13^th cent.] ___

7. crown (diadem) ___

8. chinband ___

9. cloak ___

10. Burgundian [15^th cent.] ___

11. young nobleman [ca. 1400] ___

12. dagged sleeves (petal-scalloped sleeves) ___

13. hose ___

2. Name five objects

• common for any church;

• distinguishing a Romanesque church from a Gothic cathedral;

• characteristic of a medieval castle.

3. Describe any construction in the pictures: don't miss to mention the most characteristic features of the style.

(To describe an Early Christian basilica study Plate 2, a Romanesque church and a Gothic cathedral study Plate 3, a medieval castle study Plate 4.)

4. Give Russian equivalents to the following

1. maidens in distress

2. the Black Plague

3. self-expression through art

4. to convert to Christianity

5. grim times

6. the spread of ideas

7. to centre around the church

8. Notre Dame of Paris

9. the Romanesque style

10. to mirror the history of man through the Middle Ages

11. to give new Christian meaning

12. a fisher of man

13. unlike the ancient Greeks

14. a prison of the soul

15. to ignore the physical body

16. to reject the human body

as pagan and this-worldly

17. a three-dimensional human being

18. to listen to the sermon

19. nave = ship by implication

20. to emphasize the exterior

21. the Dark Ages (7-8^th centuries)

22. Hagia Sophia

23. dome

24. mosaic

25. basilica

26. to turn to smth. for inspiration

27. a sophisticated culture

28. literacy

29. the practical arts

30. the fine arts

31. converted barbarians

32. to flourish

33. pious

34. monasticism

35. perilous

36. masculine world

37. fortified castles

38. unrefined masonry

39. random pieces

40. prophet

41. an amazing burst of religious architecture

42. vault; vaulting

43. to launch crusades

44. buttress

45. to loom above smb.

46. overcrowded and unsanitary

47. deeply rooted in the hardships of

his earthly existence

48. to aspire upward

49. resemblance to smth.

50. to suit the needs of smb.

51. simple, uninterrupted, closed walls

52. to focus one’s eyes inward, upon

the soul

53. intricate designs

54. to seek protection in communities

55. to contemplate God

56. “Might was right.”

57. endless complexity of elements

58. Romanesque – flat, masculine

59. simple, solid, simply-adorned

60. Gothic – complex, infinite, lazy,

feminine, three-dimensional,

richly-embroidered

61. ascetic