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The Twentieth Century

STEP 1: Understanding the Information

Picture 16

b) from 1943 to 1959.

Frank Lloyd Wright began his work on the building of the Guggenheim Museum in 1943 and completed the structure in 1959.

Step 2: Spelling and Vocabulary

Exercise 1: Developing spelling skills. Fill in the blanks with missing letters. Remember the spelling and the pronunciation.

a) Accessible, acquire, Dadaism, Surrealism, Futurism, turbulent, isolated, sensibility, perspective, improvisation, efficiency, abstraction, visualization, rectangular, simplicity, mechanization, purity, dominate, predictable, disdainful.

b) Piet Mondrian, Marcel Duchamp, the Eiffel Tower, Le Corbusier, Pablo Picasso, Jackson Pollock, Salvador Dali, Edvard Munch.

Exercise 3:

Prepositions

1) In; 2) to; 3) by, in, with; 4) of, in, of; 5) from; 6) into; 7) in, of, to; 8) By, in; 9) for, for; 10) of, for.

Exercise 4: Guess the word from its definition and the first letter.

a) symbolism; b) design; c) revolution; d) satellite; e) triumph; f) environment; g) communication; h) invention; i) canvas; j) three-dimensional.

Exercise 5: Put one of the linking words or phrases from the box into each gap.

1) Although; 2) that; 3) Amidst, but; 4) Also; 5) At the same time, and, and; 6) Here; 7) To many; 8) Yet, as it stands; 9) Although; 10) When; 11) that.

Step 3: Punctuation and Logic

Exercise 1: Put capitals, hyphens, full stops and commas as needed in the following extracts; the number of sentences is indicated in brackets. In each extract, identify and single out with the quotation marks quotes or bits with a transferred meaning.

  1. DALI, Salvador (1904-1989), the Spanish sur­realist artist was born in a village near Barcelona. He entered the Fine Art School of Madrid in 1921, but benefited little from his formal education. He dressed eccentrically, behaved badly, and was expelled after failing his examinations in 1925. In Madrid he met the film maker Luis Bunuel, with whom he produced the film An Andalusian Dog in 1928. (4)

  2. Dali went to Paris in 1929 where he joined Andre Breton's Surrealist movement, which included the artists Rene Magritte, Giorgio de Chirico, and Yves Tanguy. His earlier paint­ing resembled the work of Picasso, the other great Spanish artist of the 20th century. But in his Surrealist phase, Dali became a meticulous draftsman, and applied his paint in such a way that it was perfectly smooth and silk-like. Dali himself compared his work to "hand-painted dream "Dali Atomicus", a surrealistic photograph of Dali, cats, water, and furniture suspended in mid-air photographs". It was this new style that made him famous. (5)

  3. Dali’s paintings are filled with visions from dreams and fantasies, and they invent a world which steps outside the real one (and is therefore called "sur-real"). Ordinary objects, such as telephones, crutches, draw­ers, limbs, are painted as though they are soft and malleable, as in The Persistence of Mem­ory (its popular name is Soft Watches), 1931, in the Museum of Modem Art, New York, where a watch hangs limply over a wall. Much of his work is quite startling. A painting in the Tate Gallery, London, shows a hand trans­formed into the mythological figure of Nar­cissus, in love with his own reflection; and among the objects portrayed in the paint­ing are a sofa in the shape of Мае West's lips, and a telephone with a lobster as the receiver! (5)

  4. Dali also wrote and illustrated books, made films, and designed stage sets, jewelry, and murals. His reputation as an eccentric is due in part to his eccentric image, his appearance being almost a work of art in itself. At the International Exhibition of Surrealism of 1936 in London, Dali lectured in a diving suit com­plete with helmet, which nearly suffocated him. In his autobiography Diary of a Genius (1965), he said, “The only difference between me and a madman is that I am not mad.” (3)